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  2. Optical microscope - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_microscope

    The optical microscope, also referred to as a light microscope, is a type of microscope that commonly uses visible light and a system of lenses to generate magnified images of small objects. Optical microscopes are the oldest design of microscope and were possibly invented in their present compound form in the 17th century.

  3. Catadioptric system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catadioptric_system

    Léon Foucault developed a catadioptric microscope in 1859 to counteract aberrations of using a lens to image objects at high power. [2] In 1876 a French engineer, A. Mangin, invented what has come to be called the Mangin mirror, a concave glass reflector with the silver surface on the rear side of the glass. The two surfaces of the reflector ...

  4. Microscopy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microscopy

    A two-photon microscope is also a laser-scanning microscope, but instead of UV, blue or green laser light, a pulsed infrared laser is used for excitation. Only in the tiny focus of the laser is the intensity high enough to generate fluorescence by two-photon excitation , which means that no out-of-focus fluorescence is generated, and no pinhole ...

  5. Timeline of microscope technology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_microscope...

    1957: Marvin Minsky, a professor at MIT, invents the confocal microscope, an optical imaging technique for increasing optical resolution and contrast of a micrograph by means of using a spatial pinhole to block out-of-focus light in image formation. This technology is a predecessor to today's widely used confocal laser scanning microscope.

  6. Crescent - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crescent

    The crescent symbol is primarily used to represent the Moon, not necessarily in a particular lunar phase. When used to represent a waxing or waning lunar phase, "crescent" or "increscent" refers to the waxing first quarter, while the symbol representing the waning final quarter is called "decrescent".

  7. Diffraction-limited system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffraction-limited_system

    Memorial in Jena, Germany to Ernst Karl Abbe, who approximated the diffraction limit of a microscope as = ⁡, where d is the resolvable feature size, λ is the wavelength of light, n is the index of refraction of the medium being imaged in, and θ (depicted as α in the inscription) is the half-angle subtended by the optical objective lens (representing the numerical aperture).

  8. What’s that bright light just under the crescent moon? It isn ...

    www.aol.com/bright-light-just-under-crescent...

    Social media was abuzz with questions about the bright light just under the moon. No, it isn’t a star or a comet but Venus shining bright enough to be seen with the naked eye.

  9. Quantitative phase-contrast microscopy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantitative_phase...

    This makes translucent objects much easier to observe in ordinary light microscopes. Such objects do, however, induce a phase shift that can be observed using a phase contrast microscope . Conventional phase contrast microscopy and related methods, such as differential interference contrast microscopy , visualize phase shifts by transforming ...