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The main reason for the acute phase of ischemia-reperfusion injury is oxygen deprivation and, therefore, arrest of generation of ATP (cellular energy currency) by mitochondria oxidative phosphorylation. Tissue damage due to the general energy deficit during ischemia is followed by reperfusion (increase of oxygen level) when the injury is enhanced.
Reperfusion therapy is a medical treatment to restore blood flow, either through or around, blocked arteries, typically after a heart attack (myocardial infarction (MI)). Reperfusion therapy includes drugs and surgery .
Ischemia-reperfusion (IR) tissue injury is the resultant pathology from a combination of factors, including tissue hypoxia, followed by tissue damage associated with re-oxygenation. IR injury contributes to disease and mortality in a variety of pathologies, including myocardial infarction , ischemic stroke , acute kidney injury , trauma ...
For the past two decades ECPR has been used, in paediatric populations, to good effect. Data collected over the same period reports a rate of survival to discharge of 40%. [ 27 ] [ 28 ] In the pediatric population the indication for ECPR is primarily due to cardiac collapse, often associated with congenital pathology.
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), is a form of extracorporeal life support, providing prolonged cardiac and respiratory support to persons whose heart and lungs are unable to provide an adequate amount of oxygen, gas exchange or blood supply to sustain life.
Common side effects may include cataracts, bone loss, easy bruising, muscle weakness, and thrush. [3] Other side effects include weight gain, swelling, high blood sugar, increased risk of infection, and psychosis. [4] [3] It is generally considered safe in pregnancy and low doses appear to be safe while the user is breastfeeding. [5]
These systemic effects are caused by a traumatic rhabdomyolysis. As muscle cells die, they absorb sodium, water, and calcium; the rhabdomyolysis releases potassium, myoglobin, phosphate, thromboplastin, creatine, and creatine kinase. [citation needed] Crush syndrome can directly come from compartment syndrome, if the injury is left untreated. [8]
Cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome, also known as reperfusion syndrome, is a dysregulated state of cerebral blood flow following the restoration of arterial blood flow to the brain, usually following treatment of carotid artery stenosis. [1]