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The term canton, now also used as the English term for administrative subdivisions of other countries, originates in French usage in the late 15th century (recorded in Fribourg in 1467), [4] from a word for "edge, corner", at the time the literal translation of Early Modern High German Ort. [5]
The state is the only trilingual canton of Switzerland. [8] It is also the only one where Romansh, Switzerland's fourth national language, has official status. Romansh language and culture is an important part of local identity. [9] In 2020 the canton had a population of 200,096. [2] It is the least densely populated canton of Switzerland.
Freienbach, in the north of the canton, is known for the lowest taxes in Switzerland. This has attracted a number of the rich. The best known, worldwide product of the canton is the Swiss Army Knife manufactured by Victorinox in Ibach just downhill from the main town of Schwyz. As of 2010, Schwyz had an unemployment rate of 2.3%.
The English adjective Swiss is a loan from French Suisse, also in use since the 16th century. The name Switzer is from the Alemannic Schwiizer, [1] in origin an inhabitant of Schwyz and its associated territory, one of the Waldstätten cantons which formed the nucleus of the Old Swiss Confederacy.
The 26 cantons of Switzerland are the member states of the federal state of Switzerland. Each canton was a fully sovereign state [1] with its own borders, army and currency from the Treaty of Westphalia (1648) until the establishment of the Swiss federal state in 1848. Each canton has its own constitution, legislature, government and courts. [2]
Map of the Helvetic Republic (1798) Map of Switzerland in 1815 New cantons were added only in the modern period, during 1803–1815; this mostly concerned former subject territories now recognized as full cantons (such as Vaud, Ticino and Aargau), and the full integration of territories that had been more loosely allied to the Confederacy (such as Geneva, Valais and Grisons).
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The canton of Zurich [b] is an administrative unit of Switzerland, situated in the northeastern part of the country. With a population of 1,553,423 (as of 31 December 2020), it is the most populous canton of Switzerland. [3] Zurich is the de facto capital of the canton, but is not specifically mentioned in the constitution. [1]