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The engine pressure ratio (EPR) is the total pressure ratio across a jet engine, measured as the ratio of the total pressure at the exit of the propelling nozzle divided by the total pressure at the entry to the compressor. [1] Jet engines use either EPR or compressor/fan RPM as an indicator of thrust. [2]
The engine requires the same mass of fuel in both conditions because the mass of air entering the cylinders is the same. If the throttle is opened all the way in condition 2, the manifold absolute pressure will increase from 50 kPa to nearly 100 kPa (14.5 psi, 29.53 inHG), about equal to the local barometer, which in condition 2 is sea level.
The reactor can use 5% enriched uranium oxide fuel, reprocessed uranium fuel or 100% mixed uranium plutonium oxide fuel, clad in Areva's M5 variant of zirconium alloy. [11] [12] The EPR is the evolutionary descendant of the Framatome N4 and Siemens Power Generation Division "Konvoi " reactors. [13] [14] Siemens ceased its nuclear activities in ...
The Ramjet is a continuous-flow port-injection system. Unlike later fuel injection systems that used electronics, this one is based on purely mechanical principles. The two main sub-assemblies of the system are the air meter and the fuel meter. The air meter measures airflow into the engine and manages thermostatic warmup enrichment, fuel ...
Engine pressure ratio (EPR) differs from OPR in that OPR compares the intake pressure to the pressure of the air as it exits the compressor, and is always greater than 1 (often very much so), whereas EPR compares the intake pressure to the pressure at the engine's tailpipe (i.e., after the air has been used for combustion and given up energy to ...
Prior to 1979, the electronics in fuel injection systems used analogue electronics for the control system. The Bosch Motronic multi-point fuel injection system (also amongst the first systems where the ignition system is controlled by the same device as the fuel injection system) was the first mass-produced system to use digital electronics.
Usually, intermittently injecting, low injection pressure (70...100 kPa) systems were used that allowed the use of low-cost electric fuel injection pumps. [3] A very common single-point injection system used in many passenger cars is the Bosch Mono-Jetronic , which German motor journalist Olaf von Fersen considers a "combination of fuel ...
Most of the display area is used for navigation and orientation displays, but one display or a section of a display is set aside specifically for EICAS. The crew-alerting system (CAS) is used in place of the annunciator panel on older systems. Rather than signaling a system failure by turning on a light behind a translucent button, failures are ...