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The alphabet changed to keep pace with changes in language, as regional dialects developed into the modern Ukrainian, Belarusian and Russian languages. Spoken Ukrainian has an unbroken history, but the literary language has suffered from two major historical fractures.
The Belarusian alphabet displays the following features: He or Ge (Г г) represents a voiced velar fricative or voiced velar plosive of /ɣ/ or /ɡ/ Yo (Ё ё) represents /jo/, just like in Russian. I (І і), also known as the dotted I or decimal I, resembles the Latin letter I. Unlike Russian and Ukrainian, "И" is not used.
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 22 February 2025. See also: List of Cyrillic multigraphs Main articles: Cyrillic script, Cyrillic alphabets, and Early Cyrillic alphabet This article contains special characters. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols. This is a list of letters of the ...
The dotted i (І і; italics: І і), also called Ukrainian I, decimal i (и десятеричное, after its former numeric value) or soft-dotted i, is a letter of the Cyrillic script. It commonly represents the close front unrounded vowel /i/ , like the pronunciation of i in English "mach i ne".
The Cyrillic alphabet and Russian spelling generally employ fewer diacritics than those used in other European languages written with the Latin alphabet. The only diacritic, in the proper sense, is the acute accent ́ (Russian: знак ударения 'mark of stress'), which marks stress on a vowel, as it is done in Spanish and Greek.
The letter ґ was removed from the alphabet, and Ukrainian scientific terminology was revised and harmonized with Russian-Ukrainian dictionaries (the Institute of Ukrainian Scientific Language was abolished in 1930). This version of the spelling was approved by the resolution of the People's Commissar of Education of the USSR of 5 September 1933.
The Prešov Rusyn alphabet of Slovakia has 36 letters. It includes all the letters of the Ukrainian alphabet plus ё, ы, and ъ. The Lemko Rusyn alphabet of Poland has 34 letters. It includes all the Ukrainian letters with the exception of ї, plus ы and ъ. The Pannonian Rusyn alphabet has 32 letters, namely all the Ukrainian letters except і.
The details vary by author, and depend on which letters are available for the language of the text. For instance, in a work written in Ukrainian, г may be used for (the voiced equivalent of х ), whereas in Russian texts, г is used for . This article follows common Russian usage.