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Most of them were built between 1880 and 1890, with a small number from 1907 and later. The National and Providence Company and its successors operated here from 1881 into the 1950s, a time period when Providence was a leading manufacturer of worsted wool material. [2] The mills were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003. [1]
Given the linear density and weight the yarn length can be calculated; for example: l/m = 1693 × l m /Nec × m/kg, where l/m is the yarn length in metres, l m /Nec is the English cotton count and m/kg is the yarn weight in kilograms. The following length units are defined. Bundle: usually 10 lb (4.5 kg)
Worsted (/ ˈ w ɜːr s t ɪ d / or / ˈ w ʊ s t ɪ d /) is a high-quality type of wool yarn, the fabric made from this yarn, and a yarn weight category. The name derives from Worstead (from Old English Wurðestede , "enclosure place"), a village in the English county of Norfolk .
The number of wraps will act as a gauge to assess the thickness of unmarked yarn; for example 12 wraps per inch is 12 WPI, and is used to calculate how much yarn is required for various articles, [3] so that 12 is equivalent to 8 ply (worsted weight, medium weight) yarn.
The S numbers originated in England, [4] where the worsted spinning process was invented and arose from the worsted yarn count system for stating the fineness of yarn. The worsted count (also known as the Bradford count) was the number of 560-yard (510 m) lengths (hanks) of worsted yarn that 1 pound (0.45 kg) of wool yields. [5]
In 1905, the American Woolen Company built the largest mill in the world, the Wood Mill in Lawrence, followed by the neighboring Ayer Mill in 1909. The Ayer mill's 22 foot diameter 4-sided clocktower is only a foot smaller than Big Ben and purportedly only second to it in size in the world (among chiming 4-sided clocktowers).