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The Hurwitz quaternions form an order (in the sense of ring theory) in the division ring of quaternions with rational components. It is in fact a maximal order ; this accounts for its importance. The Lipschitz quaternions, which are the more obvious candidate for the idea of an integral quaternion , also form an order.
The set A is a ring (in fact a domain) and a lattice and is called the ring of Hurwitz quaternions. There are 24 unit quaternions in this ring, and they are the vertices of a regular 24 cell with Schläfli symbol {3,4,3}.
The Hurwitz quaternion order is a specific order in a quaternion algebra over a suitable number field. The order is of particular importance in Riemann surface theory, in connection with surfaces with maximal symmetry , namely the Hurwitz surfaces . [ 1 ]
Hurwitz and Frobenius proved theorems that put limits on hypercomplexity: Hurwitz's theorem says finite-dimensional real composition algebras are the reals , the complexes , the quaternions , and the octonions , and the Frobenius theorem says the only real associative division algebras are , , and .
He studied the maximal order theory (as it now would be) for the quaternions, defining the Hurwitz quaternions that are now named for him. In the field of control systems and dynamical systems theory he derived the Routh–Hurwitz stability criterion for determining whether a linear system is stable in 1895, independently of Edward John Routh ...
The quaternion a + bi + cj + dk can be represented as the 2×2 complex matrix [ a + b i c + d i − c + d i a − b i ] . {\displaystyle {\begin{bmatrix}~~a+bi&c+di\\-c+di&a-bi\end{bmatrix}}.} This defines a map Ψ mn from the m by n quaternionic matrices to the 2 m by 2 n complex matrices by replacing each entry in the quaternionic matrix by ...
Hurwitz posed the problem in 1898 in the special case = = and showed that, when coefficients are taken in , the only admissible values (,,) were {,,,}. [3]: 130 His proof extends to a field of any characteristic except 2.
One chooses a suitable Hurwitz quaternion order in the quaternion algebra, Γ(I) is then the group of norm 1 elements in +. The least absolute value of a trace of a hyperbolic element in Γ( I ) is η 2 + 3 η + 2 {\displaystyle \eta ^{2}+3\eta +2} , corresponding the value 3.936 for the systole of the Klein quartic, one of the highest in this ...