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"A review on the diagnosis of animal trypanosomoses". Parasites & Vectors. 15 (1): 64. doi: 10.1186/s13071-022-05190-1. ISSN 1756-3305. PMC 8858479. PMID 35183235. Uilenberg, G. (1998). "African animal trypanosomes". A field guide for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of African animal trypanosomosis. Food and Agriculture Organization of ...
African trypanosomiasis symptoms occur in two stages: the hemolymphatic stage and the neurological stage (the latter being characterised by parasitic invasion of the central nervous system). [9] [10] Neurological symptoms occur in addition to the initial features, and the two stages may be difficult to distinguish based on clinical features ...
The main approaches to controlling African trypanosomiasis are to reduce the reservoirs of infection and the presence of the tsetse fly. Screening of people at risk helps identify patients at an early stage. Diagnosis should be made as early as possible and before the advanced stage to avoid complicated, difficult and risky treatment procedures.
T. evansi, which causes one form of the disease surra in certain animals including camels [20] (a single case report of human infection in 2005 in India [21] was successfully treated with suramin [22]) T. everetti, in birds; T. hosei, in amphibians; T. irwini, in koalas; T. lewisi, in rats; T. melophagium, in sheep, transmitted via Melophagus ...
Surra (from the Marathi sūra, meaning the sound of heavy breathing through nostrils, of imitative origin) [1] is a disease of vertebrate animals. The disease is caused by protozoan trypanosomes , specifically Trypanosoma evansi , of several species which infect the blood of the vertebrate host, causing fever , weakness, and lethargy which lead ...
T. brucei rhodesiense which causes fast onset acute trypanosomiasis in humans. A highly zoonotic parasite, it is prevalent in southern and eastern Africa, where game animals and livestock are thought to be the primary reservoir. [45] [48] T. brucei brucei which causes animal trypanosomiasis, along with several other species of Trypanosoma. T. b.
The tsetse is an obligate parasite, which lives by feeding on the blood of vertebrate animals. Tsetse has been extensively studied because of their role in transmitting disease. They have pronounced economic and public health impacts in sub-Saharan Africa as the biological vectors of trypanosomes, causing human and animal trypanosomiasis. [4] [5]
Trypanosoma congolense is a species of trypanosomes and is the major pathogen responsible for the disease nagana in cattle and other animals including sheep, pigs, goats, horses and camels, dogs, [2] as well as laboratory mice. It is the most common cause of nagana in east Africa, but is also a major cause of nagana in west Africa.