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Today, the recitation of dhāraṇī remains a major part of Mahayana Buddhist practice, and they are also used as amulets and protective charms. A Chinese illustration of the apotropaic Mahāpratisarādhāraṇī, in Sanskrit and Siddhaṃ script, Later Tang, 927 CE. Some important dhāraṇī texts include:
The Dhammapada (Pali: धम्मपद; Sanskrit: धर्मपद, romanized: Dharmapada) is a collection of sayings of the Buddha in verse form and one of the most widely read and best known Buddhist scriptures. [1]
It has a specialized use in a few Buddhist Sanskrit texts, where it means 'vessel' or 'jar,' and this image of 'something that contains' is evoked several times within the sutra, when Buddha calls the Sanghāta a 'treasury of Dharma.'
The earliest Buddhist texts were orally composed and transmitted in Middle Indo-Aryan dialects called Prakrits. [8] [9] [10] Various parallel passages in the Buddhist Vinayas state that when asked to put the sutras into chandasas the Buddha refused and instead said the teachings could be transmitted in sakāya niruttiyā (Skt. svakā niruktiḥ).
The Buddhist term sutta or sutra likely derives from Sanskrit sūkta (su + ukta), meaning "well spoken," reflecting the belief that "all that was spoken by the Lord Buddha was well-spoken". [8] They embody the essence of sermons conveying "well-spoken" wisdom, akin to the Jain sutras.
The text includes spells, a list of benefits by its recitation, and the ritual instructions on how and when to use it. In the Buddhist tradition, each of the "Five" protections that are mentioned in the Pañcarakṣā are Buddhist deities (goddesses). [2] [3] [4] The five protective dhāraṇī-goddesses are: [1]
"For hate is never conquered by hate. Hate is conquered by love. This is an eternal law." — Buddha "Your mind is Nirvana." — Bodhidharma "The greatest achievement is selflessness.
In 1970, R. E. Emmerick produced an English translation of the short, condensed Sanskrit version of the Sutra of Golden Light into English. [19] In Tibetan, there are three versions of the Sutra: the 21, 29, and 31 chapter versions. The 29 Chapter Version was probably the most popular in Tibet and Tibetan Buddhist regions. [citation needed]