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The Chincha Islands War, also known as Spanish–South American War (Spanish: Guerra hispano-sudamericana), was a series of coastal and naval battles between Spain and its former colonies of Peru, Chile, Ecuador, and Bolivia from 1865 to 1879.
The Chincha Islands were once the residence of the Chincha people, but only a few remains are to be found today. Peru began the export of guano in 1840. Spain, which did not recognize Peru's independence until 1879 and desired the guano profits, occupied the islands in April 1864, setting off the Chincha Islands War (1864–1866).
1864 — 1866 The Chincha Islands War between Spain and former colonies Peru and Chile occurs; 1879 — 1884 Bolivia and Peru fight Chile in the War of the Pacific; 1891 1891 Chilean Civil War; 1973 Tanquetazo; 1973 1973 Chilean coup d'etat; 1973 — 1990 Armed resistance in Chile (1973–1990) 1997 — present Mapuche conflict
Bolivia, Chile, and Peru were in the area of the largest reserves of a resource demanded by the world. During the Chincha Islands War (1864–1866), Spain, under Queen Isabella II, attempted to exploit an incident involving Spanish citizens in Peru to re-establish its influence over the guano-rich Chincha Islands.
The Battle of Callao (Spanish: Combate del Dos de Mayo, as it is known in South America) occurred on May 2, 1866, between a Spanish fleet under the command of Admiral Casto Méndez Núñez and the fortified battery emplacements of the Peruvian port city of Callao during the Chincha Islands War. The Spanish fleet bombarded the port of Callao (or ...
The action of 22 August 1866 occurred during the Chincha Islands War near Funchal, on the island of Madeira, and was the final action of the war battle between Spanish and Chilean forces. The Chilean screw corvette Tornado was captured by the Spanish screw frigate Gerona, on 22 August 1866 off the island of Madeira.
Guano exports dropped from 575,000 tons in 1869 to less than 350,000 tons in 1873 and the Chincha Islands and other guano islands were depleted or close to be so. [3] Deposits elsewhere were of poor quality. [3] When in 1873 Peru imposed an estanco, a sales monopoly of nitrate, most larger nitrate firms opposed it. [3]
The Battle of Abtao was a naval action fought on February 7, 1866, during the Chincha Islands War, between a Spanish squadron and a combined Peruvian-Chilean fleet, at the island of Abtao in the Gulf of Ancud near Chiloé Archipelago in south-central Chile.