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Socialism is an economic and political philosophy encompassing diverse economic and social systems [1] characterised by social ownership of the means of production, [2] as opposed to private ownership. [3] [4] [5] It describes the economic, political, and social theories and movements associated with the implementation of such systems. [6]
The term socialism was coined in the 1830s and it was first used to refer to philosophical or moral beliefs rather than any specific political views. Alexandre Vinet, who claimed to have been the first person to use the term, defined socialism simply as "the opposite of individualism". [26]
Socialism – range of economic and social systems characterised by social ownership of the means of production and workers' self-management [10] as well as the political theories and movements associated with them.
Socialism to them is simply the transitional phase between capitalism and "higher phase of communist society". Because this society has characteristics of both its capitalist ancestor and is beginning to show the properties of communism, it will hold the means of production collectively but distributes commodities according to individual ...
Democratic socialism is a left-wing [1] economic and political philosophy that supports political democracy and some form of a socially owned economy, [2] with a particular emphasis on economic democracy, workplace democracy, and workers' self-management [3] within a market socialist, decentralised planned, or democratic centrally planned ...
The Marxist view of socialism served as a point of reference during the socialist calculation debate. Marx himself did not use the term socialism to refer to this development. Instead, Marx called it a communist society that has not yet reached its higher-stage. [8] The term socialism was popularized during the Russian Revolution by Vladimir ...
Socialism of the 21st century (Spanish: Socialismo del siglo XXI; Portuguese: Socialismo do século XXI; German: Sozialismus des 21. Jahrhunderts ) is an interpretation of socialist principles first advocated by German sociologist and political analyst Heinz Dieterich and taken up by a number of Latin American leaders.
The self-managed economy is a form of socialism where enterprises are owned and managed by their employees, effectively negating the employer-employee (or wage labor) dynamic of capitalism and emphasizing the opposition to alienation, self-managing and cooperative aspect of socialism. Members of cooperative firms are relatively free to manage ...