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In all modern character sets, the null character has a code point value of zero. In most encodings, this is translated to a single code unit with a zero value. For instance, in UTF-8 it is a single zero byte. However, in Modified UTF-8 the null character is encoded as two bytes : 0xC0,0x80. This allows the byte with the value of zero, which is ...
Null-terminated strings require that the encoding does not use a zero byte (0x00) anywhere; therefore it is not possible to store every possible ASCII or UTF-8 string. [ 8 ] [ 9 ] [ 10 ] However, it is common to store the subset of ASCII or UTF-8 – every character except NUL – in null-terminated strings.
Java internally uses Modified UTF-8 (MUTF-8), in which the null character U+0000 uses the two-byte overlong encoding 0xC0, 0x80, instead of just 0x00. [60] Modified UTF-8 strings never contain any actual null bytes but can contain all Unicode code points including U+0000 , [ 61 ] which allows such strings (with a null byte appended) to be ...
It is also reliable to detect endianness by looking for null bytes, on the assumption that characters less than U+0100 are very common. If more even bytes (starting at 0) are null, then it is big-endian. The standard also allows the byte order to be stated explicitly by specifying UTF-16BE or UTF-16LE as the encoding type.
For example, the null character (U+0000 NULL) is used in C-programming application environments to indicate the end of a string of characters. In this way, these programs only require a single starting memory address for a string (as opposed to a starting address and a length), since the string ends once the program reads the null character.
HTML and XML provide ways to reference Unicode characters when the characters themselves either cannot or should not be used. A numeric character reference refers to a character by its Universal Character Set/Unicode code point, and a character entity reference refers to a character by a predefined name. A numeric character reference uses the ...
The BSD documentation has been fixed to make this clear, but POSIX, Linux, and Windows documentation still uses "character" in many places where "byte" or "wchar_t" is the correct term. Functions for handling memory buffers can process sequences of bytes that include null-byte as part of the data.
For runs 2 + 2 ⁄ 3 per character plus padding to make it a whole number of bytes plus two to start and finish the run 6 2 + 2 ⁄ 3: 2–6 depending on if the byte values need to be escaped 4–6 for characters inherited from GB2312/GBK (e.g. most Chinese characters) 8 for everything else. 2 + 2 ⁄ 3 for characters inherited from GB2312/GBK ...