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The Ottoman kuruş was introduced in 1688. It was initially a large silver piece (similar to the European thalers issued by the Ottomans), approximately equal to the French écu, or, from other sources, to the Spanish dollar. It was worth 40 para. In 1844, following sustained debasement, the gold lira was introduced, worth 100 kuruş.
Between 1844 and 1855, coins were introduced in denominations of 1p, 5p, 10p, 20p, 1 ⁄ 2 pt, 1pt, 2pt, 5pt, 10pt, 20pt and LT 1 ⁄ 4, LT 1 ⁄ 2, LT 1, LT 2 + 1 ⁄ 2 and LT 5. The para denominations were struck in copper, the kuruş in silver and the lira in gold. The 1p was discontinued in 1859, with the higher copper denominations ceasing ...
By the end of the 18th century denomination appeared on most coins in Europe and the Ottoman Empire, and in the 19th century it became a common practice. By the end of the 20th century, coins were mostly distinguished from medals or tokens by presence of denomination, either in monetary units or (for commemorative or bullion coins only) in the ...
The sultani (Ottoman Turkish: سلطاني) was an Ottoman gold coin. It was first minted in 1477–8 during the reign of Mehmed II (r. 1451–1481), following the Venetian ducat standard, [1] weighing about 3.45 grams (0.111 ozt). The sultani is the classic Ottoman gold coin also known generically as altın (آلتون, "gold").
As with all branches of numismatics, most training is object-based, and therefore tends to take place where there are specialist collections. The Hirayama Trainee Curatorship in Silk Road Numismatics was established in the early 1990s, as "a five-year project to enable young scholars at the beginning of their careers, to come to the British ...
(See comparison photo in of ₺1 coin and €2 coin.) This could cause confusion in the eurozone. It also caused trouble to businesses using vending machines (particularly at airports) in the eurozone since a number of vending machines at the time accepted the 1 new Turkish lira coin as a €2 coin. Since €2 is worth roughly four times more ...
Part of the value of this coin comes from the fact that it was engraved by L. Giorgi, an Italian considered the “most famous” of all Chinese coin engravers. One version sold for $420,000 in 2021.
The result was a period of political confusion at a time when the Ottoman Empire's European enemies were rallying together. In 1684 the Habsburgs, Poland–Lithuania, Venice, and the Papacy forged an alliance known as the Holy League to oppose the Ottomans, launching a period of warfare which would last for sixteen years.