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2. Bead - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bead

   Austrian crystal is a generic term for cut lead-crystal beads, based on the location and prestige of the Swarovski firm. Czech glass beads are made in the Czech Republic, in particular an area called Jablonec nad Nisou. Production of glass beads in the area dates back to the 14th century, though production was depressed under communist rule.

3. Glass bead making - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glass_bead_making

   Lampworked dichroic glass bead showing thin film application Furnace glass beads. A variant of the wound glass bead making technique, and a labor-intensive one, is what is traditionally called lampworking. In the Venetian industry, where very large quantities of beads were produced in the 19th century for the African trade, the core of a ...

4. Lead glass - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead_glass

   Cut glass wine glass made of lead glass. Lead glass, commonly called crystal, is a variety of glass in which lead replaces the calcium content of a typical potash glass. [1] Lead glass contains typically 18–40% (by mass) lead(II) oxide (PbO), while modern lead crystal, historically also known as flint glass due to the original silica source, contains a minimum of 24% PbO. [2]

5. Venetian glass - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venetian_glass

   Glass was made in the Middle East long before it was made in Europe, though Ancient Roman glass made in Italy, Germany and elsewhere could be extremely sophisticated. [Note 2] Early products included beads, glass for mosaics, jewelry, small mirrors, and window glass. [8] Venetian glassmaking grew in importance to the city's economy.

6. History of glass - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_glass

   Bohemian glass, or Bohemia crystal, is a decorative glass produced in regions of Bohemia and Silesia, now in the current state of the Czech Republic, since the 13th century. [54] Oldest archaeology excavations of glass-making sites date to around 1250 and are located in the Lusatian Mountains of Northern Bohemia.

7. Bohemian glass - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohemian_glass

   Only glass products containing at least 24% lead oxide may be referred to as "lead crystal". Products with less lead oxide, or glass products with other metal oxides used in place of lead oxide, must be labeled "crystallin" or "crystal glass". [4] In the United States it is the opposite - glass is defined as "crystal" if it contains only 1% lead.