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The cause of CIN is chronic infection of the cervix with HPV, especially infection with high-risk HPV types 16 or 18. It is thought that the high-risk HPV infections have the ability to inactivate tumor suppressor genes such as the p53 gene and the RB gene, thus allowing the infected cells to grow unchecked and accumulate successive mutations, eventually leading to cancer.
The loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) is one of the most commonly used approaches to treat high grade cervical dysplasia (CIN II/III, HGSIL) and early stage cervical cancer discovered on colposcopic examination. In the UK, it is known as large loop excision of the transformation zone (LLETZ).
HSIL generally corresponds to the histological classification of CIN 2 or 3. [citation needed] HSIL treatment involves the removal or destruction of the affected cells, usually by LEEP. Other methods include cryotherapy, cautery, or laser ablation, but none are performed on pregnant women for fear of disrupting the pregnancy. [11]
Cervical squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL), previously called cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), is a form of dysplasia that can progress to cervical cancer. The term carcinoma in situ may be used interchangeably with high-grade SIL. [8] Ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast is the most common precancer in women.
High grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia. Progression of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia, including mutations. [1] Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), spanning a bit more than 2/3 of the thickness of the cervical epithelium. Intraepithelial neoplasia (IEN) is the development of a benign neoplasia or high-grade dysplasia in an ...
CIN and SIL are graded from 1 to 3 based on the degree of change observed. CIN 1, 2, and 3 all represent pre-cancerous findings. [14] CIN 1, also known as low-grade SIL, is the most benign finding. This represents very few atypical cells found, and generally, these cells will revert to normal. [14] CIN 2 and 3, also known as high-grade SIL ...
Before her death, Maddie was an "extraordinary big sister” to her then-3-month-old sibling, too. Related: 5-Year-Old Dies After Being Misdiagnosed by Doctors Who Said She Had a Cold
LEEP cone biopsy displaying normal cervical epithelium (far left) progressing to borderline koilocytosis, to LSIL, and to HSIL (far right). A squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL) is an abnormal growth of epithelial cells on the surface of the cervix, commonly called squamous cells.