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Signs of autism are highly variable, and different individuals will have a different mix of traits. Some more common traits include: Avoidance of eye contact – preference to avoid eye contact and feelings of fear or being overwhelmed when looking into someone's eyes; Developmental delay – slower acquisition of life skills
Autism frequently co-occurs with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), epilepsy, and intellectual disability. [31] [32] [33] Disagreements persist about what should be part of the diagnosis, whether there are meaningful subtypes or stages of autism, [34] and the significance of autism-associated traits in the wider population. [35] [36]
Engaging in special interests can bring autistic people great joy [25] [26] and many autistic people spend large amounts of time engaged in their special interest. [27] In adults, engaging with special interests has been shown to have positive outcomes for mental health, [28] self-esteem, [29] and can be used to manage stress.
Autistic masking is the act of concealing autistic traits to come across as neurotypical, as if behind a mask. Autistic masking, also referred to as camouflaging, is the conscious or subconscious suppression of autistic behaviors and compensation of difficulties in social interaction by autistic people, with the goal of being perceived as neurotypical.
Autism rights activists say that "tics, like repetitive rocking and violent outbursts" can be managed if others make an effort to understand autistic people, while other autistic traits, "like difficulty with eye contact, with grasping humor or with breaking from routines", would not require corrective efforts if others were more tolerant. [42]
Process for screening and diagnosing ASD; M-CHAT is Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers; (+) is positive test result; (−) is negative test result. There are several factors that make autism spectrum disorder difficult to diagnose. First off, there are no standardized imaging, molecular or genetic tests that can be used to diagnose ASD. [4]