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To induce general anesthesia, propofol is the drug used almost exclusively, having largely replaced sodium thiopental. [13]It is often administered as part of an anesthesia maintenance technique called total intravenous anesthesia, using either manually programmed infusion pumps or computer-controlled infusion pumps in a process called target controlled infusion (TCI).
Local anesthetic injections are given in specific areas of the mouth, rather than the whole body. Although several different medications are available, the most commonly used local anesthetic to prevent pain in the area around a tooth is lidocaine (also called xylocaine or lignocaine). Lidocaine's half-life in the body is about 1.5–2 hours. [2]
Propofol is also painful when administered intravenously, therefore, lidocaine is commonly used as a pretreatment to help decrease the pain associated with administering propofol. [ dubious – discuss ] Additionally, it [ clarification needed ] has antiemetic properties that are also useful in these types of procedures.
Propofol (di-isopropyl phenol) was synthesized by Glen and colleagues in the early 1970s, [7] but its first formulations were temporarily withdrawn due to a number of adverse reactions during clinical studies. [1] In 1983, a lipid emulsion formulation of propofol was available, which carried great potential during clinical trials. [8]
When you struggle with swallowing, she says you might have other symptoms, too, like throat pain, feeling like food gets stuck in your throat or chest, coughing, choking, weight loss, voice ...
Adverse effects include dry mouth and blurry vision. Care must be taken when handling the patch, as transfer of medication to the eye can induce pupillary dilation. Avoid use in elderly patients. Medications include scopolamine. Glucocorticoids have direct antiemetic effects and can reduce need for postoperative opioids. Adverse effects include ...
Leaves of the coca plant (Erythroxylum novogranatense var. Novogranatense), from which cocaine, a naturally occurring local anesthetic, is derived [1] [2]. An anesthetic (American English) or anaesthetic (British English; see spelling differences) is a drug used to induce anesthesia — in other words, to result in a temporary loss of sensation or awareness.
Twilight anesthesia is also known as twilight sleep and allows an easy awakening and a speedy recovery time for the patient. Anesthesia is used to control pain by using medicines that reversibly block nerve conduction near the site of administration, therefore, generating a loss of sensation at the area administered.