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Alchemical symbols were used to denote chemical elements and compounds, as well as alchemical apparatus and processes, until the 18th century. Although notation was ...
The glyph (♀) for the planet and Roman goddess Venus, or Aphrodite in Greek, is the symbol used to represent the female sex. [9] [10] [11] In ancient alchemy, the Venus symbol stood for copper and was associated with femininity. [11]
Planetary symbols are used in astrology and traditionally in astronomy to represent a classical planet (which includes the Sun and the Moon) or one of the modern planets. The classical symbols were also used in alchemy for the seven metals known to the ancients, which were associated with the planets, and in calendars for the seven days of the week associated with the seven planets.
In alchemy the symbol for copper was also the symbol for the goddess and planet Venus. Chalcolithic copper mine in Timna Valley, Negev Desert, Israel. In Greece, copper was known by the name chalkos (χαλκός). It was an important resource for the Romans, Greeks and other ancient peoples.
In alchemy, each classical planet (Moon, Mercury, Venus, Sun, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn) was associated with one of the seven metals known to the classical world (silver, mercury/quicksilver, copper, gold, iron, tin and lead respectively). As a result, the alchemical glyphs for the metal and associated planet coincide.
Resin of copper – copper(I) chloride (cuprous chloride), formed by heating copper with corrosive sublimate. Rouge/crocus/colcothar – ferric oxide, formed by burning green vitriol in air. Stibnite – antimony or antimony trisulfide, ore of antimony. Turpeth mineral – hydrolysed form of mercury(II) sulfate.
The combined male-female symbol (⚥) is used to represent androgyne people; [17] when additionally combined with the female (♀) and male (♂) symbols (⚧) it indicates gender inclusivity, [citation needed] though it is also used as a transgender symbol. [18] [19] [17] The male-with-stroke symbol (⚦) is used for transgender people. [17]
Alchemical Symbols is a Unicode block containing symbols for chemicals and substances used in ancient and medieval alchemy texts. Many of the symbols are duplicates or redundant with previous characters. [3] Few fonts support more than a few characters in this block as of 2021. One that does and is free for personal use is Symbola 14.0.