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Group of pharmaceuticals that are used to suppress abnormally fast rhythms (tachycardias), such as atrial fibrillation, supraventricular tachycardia and ventricular tachycardia. Type I (sodium channel blockers) Type Ia Ajmaline; Procainamide; Quinidine; Type Ib Lidocaine; Phenytoin; Type Ic Encainide; Flecainide; Propafenone; Type II (beta ...
Metoprolol, sold under the brand name Lopressor among others, is a medication used to treat angina, high blood pressure and a number of conditions involving an abnormally fast heart rate. [4] It is also used to prevent further heart problems after myocardial infarction and to prevent headaches in those with migraines . [ 4 ]
Cardiovascular agents are drugs that affect the rate and intensity of cardiac contraction, blood vessel diameters, blood volume, blood clotting and blood cholesterol levels. [1] They are indicated to treat diseases related to the heart or the vascular system (blood vessels), such as hypertension , hyperlipidemia , coagulation disorders , heart ...
During long-term use, labetalol can reduce heart rate during exercise while maintaining cardiac output by an increase in stroke volume. [24] Labetalol possesses significant intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (ISA). [2] [22] In particular, it is a partial agonist at β 2-adrenergic receptors located in the vascular smooth muscle.
There are some alpha blockers that can give rise to changes in the cardiovascular system, such as the induction of reflex tachycardia, orthostatic hypotension, or heart palpitations via alterations of the QT interval. [28] [31] Alpha blockers that may have these side effects include yohimbine, phenoxybenzamine, and phentolamine. [2]
In vitro, they dilate the coronary and peripheral arteries and have negative inotropic and chronotropic effects - decreasing afterload, improving myocardial efficiency, reducing heart rate and improving coronary blood flow. In vivo, the vasodilation and hypotension trigger the baroreceptor reflex. Therefore, the net effect is the interplay of ...
The mixed alpha-and beta blocker labetalol is especially useful for treatment of concomitant tachycardia and hypertension induced by methamphetamine. [51] The phenomenon of "unopposed alpha stimulation" has not been reported with the use of beta blockers for treatment of methamphetamine toxicity. [51]
As a result, they act more selectively upon the heart. β-Adrenoceptors typically bind to norepinephrine release by sympathetic adrenergic nerves and to circulating epinephrine. The effect of β-adrenoceptors is cardiac stimulation, such as increased heart rate, heart contractility, heart conduction velocity, and heart relaxation. [1]