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There are over 177 species of fish in the US state of Oklahoma, at least 7% of which are not native. [1] Species include: Alabama shad (Alosa alabamae) Alligator gar (Atractosteus spatula) American eel (Anguilla rostrata) American gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum) American paddlefish (Polyodon spathula) Arkansas darter (Etheostoma cragini)
Most fish species with pharyngeal teeth do not have extendable pharyngeal jaws. A particularly notable exception is the highly mobile pharyngeal jaw of the moray eels.These are possibly a response to their inability to swallow as other fishes do by creating a negative pressure in the mouth, perhaps induced by their restricted environmental niche (burrows) or in the air in the intertidal zone. [10]
The branchial system is typically used for respiration and/or feeding. Many fish have modified posterior gill arches into pharyngeal jaws, often equipped with specialized pharyngeal teeth for handling particular prey items (long, sharp teeth in carnivorous moray eels compared to broad, crushing teeth in durophagous black carp).
Moray eels are the only known animals that use pharyngeal jaws to actively capture and restrain prey in this way. [7] [8] [9] Moray eel jaw anatomy. In addition to the presence of pharyngeal jaws, morays' mouth openings extend far back into the head, compared to fish which feed using suction.
The pharyngeal jaws of most fishes are not mobile. The pharyngeal jaws of the moray are highly mobile, perhaps as an adaptation to the constricted nature of the burrows they inhabit which inhibits their ability to swallow as other fishes do by creating a negative pressure in the mouth. Instead, when the moray bites prey, it first bites normally ...
Hemiramphidae is a family of fishes that are commonly called halfbeaks, spipe fish or spipefish. They are a geographically widespread and numerically abundant family of epipelagic fish inhabiting warm waters around the world. The halfbeaks are named for their distinctive jaws, in which the lower jaws are significantly longer than the upper jaws.
These fish are edentulous, lacking teeth on their jaws; however, they do have pharyngeal teeth in their throat. [2] Their eyes are nearly atop their heads pointing upward. [ 4 ] They have a slightly compressed body with the deepest part by the back of their neck. [ 4 ]
Other fish use of their pharyngeal teeth, with the aid of their protrusible mouth for enabling the grabbing of prey to draw it into their mouth. The pharyngeal jaws found in more derived teleosts are more powerful, with left and right ceratobranchials fusing to become one lower jaw and the pharyngeal branchial fusing to create a large upper jaw ...