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Sodium cyanide is a compound with the formula Na C N and the structure Na + − C≡N. It is a white, water-soluble solid. Cyanide has a high affinity for metals, which leads to the high toxicity of this salt. Its main application, in gold mining, also exploits its high reactivity toward metals. It is a moderately strong base.
An older cyanide antidote kit included administration of three substances: amyl nitrite pearls (administered by inhalation), sodium nitrite, and sodium thiosulfate. The goal of the antidote was to generate a large pool of ferric iron ( Fe 3+ ) to compete for cyanide with cytochrome a 3 (so that cyanide will bind to the antidote rather than the ...
In fact, the initial target product sodium cyanide can also be obtained from calcium cyanamide by melting it with sodium chloride in the presence of carbon: [8] CaCN 2 + 2 NaCl + C → 2 NaCN + CaCl 2. Frank and Caro developed this reaction for a large-scale, continuous production process.
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In the laboratory, this compound may be prepared by treating sodium cyanide with acetone, followed by acidification: [3]. Considering the high toxicity of acetone cyanohydrin, a lab scale production has been developed using a microreactor-scale flow chemistry [4] to avoid needing to manufacture and store large quantities of the reagent.
Cyanoacetic acid is prepared by treatment of chloroacetate salts with sodium cyanide followed by acidification. [1] [2] Electrosynthesis by cathodic reduction of carbon dioxide and anodic oxidation of acetonitrile also affords cyanoacetic acid. [3] Cyanoacetic acid is used to do cyanoacetylation, first convenient method described by J. Slätt. [4]
Nitrilotriacetic acid is commercially available as the free acid and as the sodium salt. It is produced from ammonia , formaldehyde , and sodium cyanide or hydrogen cyanide . Worldwide capacity is estimated at 100 thousand tonnes per year. [ 6 ]
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