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Prothallus of the tree fern Dicksonia antarctica (note new moss plants for scale) Spore-bearing plants , like all plants, go through a life-cycle of alternation of generations . The fully grown sporophyte , what is commonly referred to as the fern , produces genetically unique spores in the sori by meiosis .
The haploid prothallus does not resemble the sporophyte, and as such ferns and their allies have a heteromorphic alternation of generations. The prothallus is short-lived, but carries out sexual reproduction, producing the diploid zygote that then grows out of the prothallus as the sporophyte.
The prothallus bears spherical antheridia (s.g. antheridium) which produce antherozoids (male gametophytes) and archegonia (s.g. archegonium) which release a single oosphere. The antherozoid swims up the archegonium and fertilize the oosphere, resulting in a zygote, which will grow into a separate sporophyte, while the gametophyte shortly ...
With the exception of calicioid lichens, lichen growth forms are based on the appearance of the thallus, which is the vegetative (non-reproductive) part of the lichen. [5]
The one spore cell can now divide into two and continue to develop into a small heart-shaped object called ‘prothallus’, [12] which looks very similar to a liverwort and can therefore be mistaken for it. On the underside of the prothallus, the male reproductive organs are located, while the female ones are at the top. [11]
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Lepraria species are usually restricted to tree bases, while Verseghya thysanophora is commonly found higher up on the trunk and can form large patches. Lecanora expallens is similar in colour, but has a more coastal distribution, contains different chemical compounds, and has a bluish-grey prothallus.
The meaning of the name for January’s moon is unrelated to its astrological meaning. The widely used title comes from The Old Farmer’s Almanac’s published moon names, which in turn ...