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[1] [2] The methods described by Pocock [3] [4] and O'Brien & Fleming, [5] among others, [6] [7] [8] are popular implementations of group sequential testing for clinical trials. [ 9 ] [ 10 ] [ 11 ] Sometimes interim analyses are equally spaced in terms of calendar time or the information available from the data, but this assumption can be ...
The aim of the PRISMA statement is to help authors improve the reporting of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. [3] PRISMA has mainly focused on systematic reviews and meta-analysis of randomized trials, but it can also be used as a basis for reporting reviews of other types of research (e.g., diagnostic studies, observational studies).
It details the aims, hypothesis, and research method clearly so as to remain transparent and neutral. [6] This review format adheres to explicit criteria when selecting what research is included in the review. Common methods used to analyse selected research articles include text mining, citation, co-citation analysis, and topic modelling ...
A systematic review is a scholarly synthesis of the evidence on a clearly presented topic using critical methods to identify, define and assess research on the topic. [1] A systematic review extracts and interprets data from published studies on the topic (in the scientific literature), then analyzes, describes, critically appraises and summarizes interpretations into a refined evidence-based ...
This analysis can be restricted to only the participants who fulfill the protocol in terms of the eligibility, adherence to the intervention, and outcome assessment. This analysis is known as an "on-treatment" or "per protocol" analysis. A per-protocol analysis represents a "best-case scenario" to reveal the effect of the drug being studied.
In academic publishing, a scientific journal is a periodical publication designed to further the progress of science by disseminating new research findings to the scientific community. [1] These journals serve as a platform for researchers, scholars, and scientists to share their latest discoveries, insights, and methodologies across a ...
In this design, there is a single interim analysis partway through the trial, at which point the trial either stops for futility or continues to the second stage. [22] Mander and Thomson also proposed a design with a single interim analysis, at which point the trial could stop for either futility or benefit.
A systematic review focuses on a specific research question to identify, appraise, select, and synthesize all high-quality research evidence and arguments relevant to that question. A meta-analysis is typically a systematic review using statistical methods to effectively combine the data used on all selected studies to produce a more reliable ...