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The monitoring of the sediment yield of a river is important for ecologists to understand the health of its ecosystems, the rate of erosion of the river's environment, and the effects of human activity. [11] The Nile in Egypt is known for its fertile floodplains, which flood annually.
The relationship between humans and rivers, which represent freshwater environments, is complicated. Rivers serve primarily as a freshwater resource and as sinks for domestic and industrial waste water. The consequences from this usage occur from diverse activities and root themselves in complex, interdisciplinary systems and practices. [4]
Nearly half of the world’s largest downstream rivers — 44% — saw a drop in the amount of water flowing ... said the research’s wide focus to include even the smallest rivers was important.
Many tribes settled along the river, sixth-longest in the world, which was distinguished by its heavy load of yellow silt and its periodic devastating floods. A major impetus for the tribes to unite into a single kingdom by around 1700 BCE (Erlitou culture, a Yellow River civilization) was the desire to find a solution to the frequent deadly ...
Water resources are natural resources of water that are potentially useful for humans, for example as a source of drinking water supply or irrigation water. These resources can be either freshwater from natural sources, or water produced artificially from other sources, such as from reclaimed water or desalinated water (). 97% of the water on Earth is salt water and only three percent is fresh ...
Biofilms are one of the main biological interphases in river ecosystems, and probably the most important in intermittent rivers, where the importance of the water column is reduced during extended low-activity periods of the hydrological cycle. [20]
Mackenzie River – over 250 km 3 /year; Yukon River – over 150 km 3 /year; Siberia. Yenisey – over 5% of world's fresh water in basin – second largest after the Amazon; Ob River – over 500 km 3 /year; Lena River – over 450 km 3 /year; New Guinea. Fly and Sepik Rivers – total over 300 km 3 /year in only about 150,000 km 2 of basin area.
However, the world's rivers are increasingly being altered through the construction of dams, diversions, and levees. More than half of the world's large rivers are dammed, [2] a figure that continues to increase. Almost 1,000 dams are planned or under construction in South America and 50 new dams are planned on China's Yangtze River alone. [3]