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While a BQS is not always a legal requirement when taking bunker fuel, the service plays an important role in managing the continuity of relationships between fuel suppliers and consumers. Depending on where the fuel transfer operation takes place, different global ports have varying concerns when pertaining to the quantity of fuel delivered.
This involves reviewing the project's plans and specifications to produce a take-off or quantity survey, which is a listing of all the materials and items of work required for a construction project by the construction documents. Together with prices for these components, the measured quantities are the basis for calculation of the direct cost.
In thermodynamics, the Volume Correction Factor (VCF), also known as Correction for the effect of Temperature on Liquid (CTL), is a standardized computed factor used to correct for the thermal expansion of fluids, primarily, liquid hydrocarbons at various temperatures and densities. [1]
Also known as bunker fuel, or residual fuel oil, HFO is the result or remnant from the distillation and cracking process of petroleum. For this reason, HFO contains several different compounds that include aromatics , sulfur , and nitrogen , making emissions upon combustion more polluting compared to other fuel oils. [ 1 ]
The International Convention on Civil Liability for Bunker Oil Pollution Damage (BUNKER) is an International treaty listed and administered by the International Maritime Organization, [1] signed in London on 23 March 2001 and in force generally on 21 November 2008. The purpose is to adopt uniform international rules and procedures for ...
The Wobbe index is expressed in MJ/Nm³ (where 'Nm³' indicates'm³ in Normal conditions), or sometimes in BTU/scf.In the case of natural gas (molar mass 17 g/mol), the typical heating value is around 39 MJ/Nm³ (1,050 BTU/scf) and the specific gravity is approximately 0.59, giving a typical Wobbe index of 51 MJ/Nm³ (1,367 BTU/scf).
As the name suggests, CCAI is a calculation based on the density and viscosity of a given fuel. The formula is rather complex but in general, the higher the CCAI, the poorer the ignition quality of the fuel is considered to be. Once the CCAI goes above 860, it is an indication that some combustion problems may occur.
Bunkering is the supplying of fuel for use by ships (such fuel is referred to as bunker), [1] including the logistics of loading and distributing the fuel among available shipboard tanks. [2] A person dealing in trade of bunker (fuel) is called a bunker trader. The term bunkering originated in the days of steamships, when coal was stored in ...