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A mental illness can develop in women who have experienced one or more miscarriages after the event or even years later. [4] [1] Some data suggest that men and women can be affected up to 15 years after the loss. [5]
The effects of stress can complicate miscarriage. [18] [15] Miscarriage is a stressful event and because stress is a risk factor for subsequent miscarriage, its presence can become part of cycle that continues. [18] Lower stress levels are associated with more favorable outcomes in future pregnancies while higher stress levels increase the risk ...
It is essential to examine interventions that aim to reduce anxiety, depression, and stress during pregnancy. Mindfulness-based stress reduction has been demonstrated to reduce anxiety and depression for people with stress-related and chronic medical conditions. [38] One pilot study shows promise for the potential of a mindfulness-based ...
Any form of prenatal stress felt by the mother can have negative effects on various aspects of fetal development, which can cause harm to the mother and child. Even after birth, a child born from a depressed or stressed mother feels the affects. The child is less active and can also experience emotional distress.
Samaira Malik, from the Institute of Work, Health, and Organizations at the University of Nottingham, UK, said, “men are in fact equally affected by the unfulfilled desire for a child but are less open about their feelings.” [6] Therefore, understanding the psychological effects, this has on men, greatly contributes to discovering effective ...
Postpartum depression in men leads to an increased risk of suicide, while also limiting healthy infant-father attachment. Men who experience PPD can exhibit poor parenting behaviors, and distress, and reduce infant interaction. [29] Reduced paternal interaction can later lead to cognitive and behavioral problems in children. [30]
[2] [18] The correlations observed in some studies may be explained by pre-existing social circumstances and emotional or mental health problems. [2] [18] Various factors, such as emotional attachment to the pregnancy, lack of support, and conservative views on abortion may increase the likelihood of experiencing negative reactions.
Examples of symptoms of childbirth-related post-traumatic stress disorder include intrusive symptoms such as flashbacks and nightmares, as well as symptoms of avoidance (including amnesia for the whole or parts of the event), uncomfortable sexual intimacy, discomfort being touched, abstinence, fear of pregnancy, and avoidance of birth- and pregnancy-related issues.