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In 1905, Shamasastry discovered the Arthashastra among a heap of manuscripts. He transcribed, edited and published the Sanskrit edition in 1909. He proceeded to translate it into English, publishing it in 1915. [3] The manuscript was in the Early Grantha script. Other copies of the Arthashastra were discovered later in other parts of India.
The Amatyah, states Arthashastra, must be those with following Amatya-sampat: well trained, with foresight, with strong memory, bold, well spoken, enthusiastic, excellence in their field of expertise, learned in theoretical and practical knowledge, pure of character, of good health, kind and philanthropic, free from procrastination, free from ...
The Arthashastra can be considered to be the earliest surviving work on political philosophy from Ancient India. Its author, Chanakya, was the reputed Prime Minister of the Mauryan Emperor Chandragupta and played an instrumental role in establishing what would become Ancient India's largest empire, stretching from Kabul to the Tamil country .
In the fourth century BCE, Kautilya in his Arthashastra recognised it as a distinct branch of learning different from Vedas and other disciplines. Kautilya classifies all disciplines into four categories: scripture (the three Vedas, trayi ), agriculture and commerce ( varta ), politics and public administration ( danda-niti ), and ...
Proper Arthashastra is considered an important and necessary objective of government. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] In Hindu traditions, Artha is connected to the three other aspects and goals of human life: Dharma (virtuous, proper, moral life), Kama (pleasure, sensuality, emotional fulfillment) and Moksha (liberation, release, self-actualization).
Dāna, the second, means gifts or compensation (Arthashastra 2.10.54). [5] Sometimes it is referred to as Dama, price, which means to pay the value. [2] Bheda, refers to the usage of logic or trickery, influencing the mind. [2] Creating dissension and discord in the enemy (Arthashastra 2.10.55). [5] Danda refers to force or armaments.
Kautiliya's Arthashastra, however, argues that artha is the foundation for the other two. Without prosperity and security in society or at individual level, both moral life and sensuality become difficult.
The Arthashastra (200 BCE - 300 CE), in section 1.2–5, asserts that lipi was a part of the education system in ancient India. [7] According to Buddhist texts such as Lalitavistara Sūtra, young Siddhartha – the future Buddha – mastered philology and scripts at a school from Brahmin Lipikara and Deva Vidyasinha.