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Microfluidic techniques such as droplet microfluidics, paper microfluidics, and lab-on-a-chip are used in the realm of food science in a variety of categories. [131] Research in nutrition, [ 132 ] [ 133 ] food processing, and food safety benefit from microfluidic technique because experiments can be done with less reagents.
As a method for protein engineering, directed evolution has many applications in fields from development of drugs and vaccines to the synthesis of food and chemicals. [140] A microfluidic device was developed to identify improved enzyme production hosts (i.e., cell factories) that can be employed industrially in various fields. [134]
Lab disk for protein structure analysis via small-angle X-ray scattering. The centrifugal micro-fluidic biochip or centrifugal micro-fluidic biodisk is a type of lab-on-a-chip technology, also known as lab-on-a-disc, that can be used to integrate processes such as separating, mixing, reaction and detecting molecules of nano-size in a single piece of platform, including a compact disk or DVD.
Microfluidic systems can be used to incubate high volumes of bacteria and yeast colonies. [39] The two-layer microchemostat device is made to allow scientists to culture cells under chemostatic and thermostatic conditions without moving cells around and causing intercellular interaction. [39]
3D Sarfus image of a DNA biochip. The microarray—the dense, two-dimensional grid of biosensors—is the critical component of a biochip platform. Typically, the sensors are deposited on a flat substrate, which may either be passive (e.g. silicon or glass) or active, the latter consisting of integrated electronics or micromechanical devices that perform or assist signal transduction.
Digital microfluidics (DMF) is a platform for lab-on-a-chip systems that is based upon the manipulation of microdroplets. Droplets are dispensed, moved, stored, mixed, reacted, or analyzed on a platform with a set of insulated electrodes.
[38] [46] As a proof-of-concept, Ko et al. developed a paper-based electrical chip using a home office printer, an ink made of carbon nanotubes, and magazine paper. [47] Similarly, silver nanoparticles were printed into microfluidic channels to sense changes in the permittivity of fluids, revealing information about concentration and mixing ...
Microfluidics deals with the behavior, precise control and manipulation of fluids that are geometrically constrained to a small, typically sub-millimeter, scale. Typically, micro means one of the following features: