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Vinyl polymers are subject of several structural variations, which greatly expands the range of polymers and their applications. With the exception of polyethylene, vinyl polymers can arise from head-to-tail linking of monomers, head-to-head combined with tail-to-tail, or a mixture of those two patterns. Additionally the substituted carbon center in such polymers is stereogenic (a "chiral center")
PVP is typically prepared by free radical polymerization of 4-vinylphenol or a protected form of 4-vinylphenol. [1] The protected monomers can be prepared from 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde , by vinylation of phenols, or acylation of polystyrene followed by oxidation at room temperature.
Because of the nitrate groups of PVN, polyvinyl nitrate is mainly used for its explosive and energetic capabilities. Structurally, PVN is similar to nitrocellulose in that it is a polymer with several nitrate groups off the main branch, differing only in their main chain (carbon and cellulose respectively). [ 7 ]
A vinyl record. Molded PVC is used to produce phonograph, or "vinyl," records. PVC piping is a cheaper alternative to metal tubing used in musical instrument making; it is therefore a common alternative when making wind instruments, often for leisure or for rarer instruments such as the contrabass flute.
Polyvinyl butyral (or PVB) is a resin mostly used for applications that require strong binding, optical clarity, adhesion to many surfaces, toughness and flexibility. It is prepared from polyvinyl alcohol by reaction with butyraldehyde. The major application is laminated safety glass for automobile windshields. [1]
PVDF is a specialty plastic used in applications requiring the highest purity, as well as resistance to solvents, acids and hydrocarbons. PVDF has low density 1.78 g/cm 3 in comparison to other fluoropolymers, like polytetrafluoroethylene. It is available in the form of piping products, sheet, tubing, films, plate and an insulator for premium wire.
The stiff homopolymer PVAc, but mostly the softer copolymer, a combination of vinyl acetate and ethylene, vinyl acetate ethylene (VAE), is also used in paper coatings, paint and other industrial coatings, as a binder in nonwovens in glass fibers, sanitary napkins, filter paper and in textile finishing.
Vinyllithium is used to install vinyl groups on metal-based reagents, i.e., vinylations. It is a precursor to vinylsilanes, vinylcuprates, and vinylstannanes. [3] It adds to ketones compounds to give allylic alcohols. Vinylmagnesium bromide is often used in place of vinyllithium. [4]