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Origen obeyed Demetrius's order and returned to Alexandria, [60] bringing with him an antique scroll he had purchased at Jericho containing the full text of the Hebrew Bible. [60] The manuscript, which had purportedly been found "in a jar", [60] became the source text for one of the two Hebrew columns in Origen's Hexapla. [60]
Some claimed that Paleo-Hebrew was the original script used by the Israelites at the time of the Exodus. [10] According to this tradition, [11] the block script seen today in Hebrew Torah Scrolls, called the "Assyrian script" (Kthav Ashurith) in the Talmud, was the original Hebrew script carved into the Ten Commandments. [12]
Unlike the Paleo-Hebrew writing script, the modern Hebrew script has five letters that have special final forms, called sofit (Hebrew: סופית, meaning in this context "final" or "ending") form, used only at the end of a word, somewhat as in the Greek or in the Arabic and Mandaic alphabets.
Thus, the differences in the Septuagint are no longer considered the result of a poor or tendentious attempt to translate the Hebrew into the Greek; rather they testify to a different pre-Christian form of the Hebrew text". [15] On the other hand, some of the fragments conforming most accurately to the Masoretic Text were found in Cave 4. [16]
The words bishop and ordination are used in their technical meaning by the same Clement of Alexandria. [21] The bishops in the 2nd century are defined also as the only clergy to whom the ordination to priesthood (presbyterate) and diaconate is entrusted: "a priest (presbyter) lays on hands, but does not ordain." (cheirothetei ou cheirotonei). [22]
It has also been proposed as its origin the union of the first syllables of the Latin words pater ('father') and pastor ('shepherd'). [ 7 ] Since the early third century, the term pope has been used as an expression of affectionate veneration for both the bishop of Rome and the other bishops of the West. [ 2 ]
[10] [11] [12] The 15 cm x 16.5 cm (5.9 in x 6.5 in) trapezoid pottery sherd has five lines of text written in ink written in the Proto-Canaanite alphabet (the old form of the Phoenician alphabet). [10] [13] That the language of the tablet is Hebrew is suggested by the presence of the words תעש tʕś "to do" and עבד ʕbd "servant".
This list provides examples of known textual variants, and contains the following parameters: Hebrew texts written right to left, the Hebrew text romanised left to right, an approximate English translation, and which Hebrew manuscripts or critical editions of the Hebrew Bible this textual variant can be found in. Greek (Septuagint) and Latin (Vulgate) texts are written left to right, and not ...