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Friedrich Wöhler (German:) FRS(For) HonFRSE (31 July 1800 – 23 September 1882) was a German chemist known for his work in both organic and inorganic chemistry, being the first to isolate the chemical elements beryllium and yttrium in pure metallic form.
Prior to the Wöhler synthesis, the work of John Dalton and Jöns Jacob Berzelius had already convinced chemists that organic and inorganic matter obey the same chemical laws. It took until 1845 when Kolbe reported another inorganic – organic conversion (of carbon disulfide to acetic acid ) before vitalism started to lose support.
Radical theory is an obsolete scientific theory in chemistry describing the structure of organic compounds.The theory was pioneered by Justus von Liebig, Friedrich Wöhler and Auguste Laurent around 1830 and is not related to the modern understanding of free radicals.
In organic chemistry, the benzoin addition is an addition reaction involving two aldehydes (−CH=O). The reaction generally occurs between aromatic aldehydes or glyoxals (OCH=CHO), [1] [2] and results in formation of an acyloin (−C(O)CH(OH)−). In the classic example, benzaldehyde is converted to benzoin (PhCH(OH)C(O)Ph). [3]
Robert Burns Woodward ForMemRS HonFRSE (April 10, 1917 – July 8, 1979) was an American organic chemist.He is considered by many to be the preeminent synthetic organic chemist of the twentieth century, [3] having made many key contributions to the subject, especially in the synthesis of complex natural products and the determination of their molecular structure.
His discovery, made widely known through its financial success, greatly increased interest in organic chemistry. [9] A crucial breakthrough for organic chemistry was the concept of chemical structure, developed independently in 1858 by both Friedrich August Kekulé and Archibald Scott Couper. [10]
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In 1827, Friedrich Wöhler refined a process discovered by Hans Christian Ørsted, a Danish chemist, who first produced impure aluminium in 1825. With the newly made Al metal, he established the specific gravity of aluminium in 1845.