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Friedrich Wöhler (German:) FRS(For) HonFRSE (31 July 1800 – 23 September 1882) was a German chemist known for his work in both organic and inorganic chemistry, being the first to isolate the chemical elements beryllium and yttrium in pure metallic form.
It took until 1845 when Kolbe reported another inorganic – organic conversion (of carbon disulfide to acetic acid) before vitalism started to lose support. [5] [6] Wöhler also did not, as some textbooks have claimed, act as a "crusader" against vitalism. A 2000 survey by historian Peter Ramberg found that 90% of chemical textbooks repeat ...
In organic chemistry, the benzoin addition is an addition reaction involving two aldehydes (−CH=O). The reaction generally occurs between aromatic aldehydes or glyoxals (OCH=CHO), [1] [2] and results in formation of an acyloin (−C(O)CH(OH)−). In the classic example, benzaldehyde is converted to benzoin (PhCH(OH)C(O)Ph). [3]
In 1827, Friedrich Wöhler refined a process discovered by Hans Christian Ørsted, a Danish chemist, who first produced impure aluminium in 1825. With the newly made Al metal, he established the specific gravity of aluminium in 1845.
His discovery, made widely known through its financial success, greatly increased interest in organic chemistry. [9] A crucial breakthrough for organic chemistry was the concept of chemical structure, developed independently in 1858 by both Friedrich August Kekulé and Archibald Scott Couper. [10]
It was gradually discredited by the rise of organic chemistry, biochemistry, and molecular biology, fields that failed to discover any "vital force." Friedrich Wöhler's synthesis of urea from ammonium cyanate was only one step in a long road, not a great refutation. [5] [6]
Description: This book was intended as an introduction to new theories in chemistry and as such, was one of the first Chemistry textbooks. [9] Importance: Introduction, Influence. Aside from being one of the first chemistry textbooks, the book was one of the first to state the Law of conservation of mass, define a chemical element, and contain ...
Robert Burns Woodward ForMemRS HonFRSE (April 10, 1917 – July 8, 1979) was an American organic chemist.He is considered by many to be the preeminent synthetic organic chemist of the twentieth century, [3] having made many key contributions to the subject, especially in the synthesis of complex natural products and the determination of their molecular structure.