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Allyl cyanide was discovered in 1863 by H. Will and W. Koerner in 1863, they found the compound to be present in mustard oil. [5] The first synthesis of allyl cyanide was reported by A. Claus in 1864. [6] Allyl cyanide is produced in cruciferous vegetables by myrosinase, an enzyme which hydrolyses glucosinolates to form nitriles and other ...
In chemistry, cyanide (from Greek kyanos 'dark blue') is a chemical compound that contains a C≡N functional group. This group, known as the cyano group, consists of a carbon atom triple-bonded to a nitrogen atom. [1] In inorganic cyanides, the cyanide group is present as the cyanide anion − C≡N. This anion is extremely poisonous.
In organic chemistry, an allyl group is a substituent with the structural formula −CH 2 −HC=CH 2. It consists of a methylene bridge ( −CH 2 − ) attached to a vinyl group ( −CH=CH 2 ). [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The name is derived from the scientific name for garlic , Allium sativum .
The molecular formula C 4 H 5 N (molar mass: 67.09 g/mol, exact mass: 67.04220 u) may refer to: Allyl cyanide; Methacrylonitrile (MeAN) Pyrrole;
Cyanogen is typically generated from cyanide compounds. One laboratory method entails thermal decomposition of mercuric cyanide: . 2 Hg(CN) 2 → (CN) 2 + Hg 2 (CN) 2 Or, one can combine solutions of copper(II) salts (such as copper(II) sulfate) with cyanides; an unstable copper(II) cyanide is formed which rapidly decomposes into copper(I) cyanide and cyanogen.
Allyl thiocyanate isomerizes to the isothiocyanate: [8] CH 2 =CHCH 2 SCN → CH 2 =CHCH 2 NCS. Allyl isothiocyanate can also be liberated by dry distillation of the seeds. The product obtained in this fashion is known as volatile oil of mustard. It is used principally as a flavoring agent in foods.
Electrochemical reduction typically converts thiocyanates to thioates and cyanide, although sometimes it can replace the thiocyanate group as a whole with hydride. [8] Some thiocyanates isomerize to the isothiocyanates. This reaction is especially rapid for the allyl isothiocyanate: [6] CH 2 =CHCH 2 SCN → CH 2 =CHCH 2 NCS
Numerous natural products contain the allene functional group. Noteworthy are the pigments fucoxanthin and peridinin. Little is known about the biosynthesis, although it is conjectured that they are often generated from alkyne precursors. [75] Allenes serve as ligands in organometallic chemistry. A typical complex is Pt(η 2-allene)(PPh 3) 2.