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Shellfish poisoning includes four syndromes that share some common features and are primarily associated with bivalve molluscs (such as mussels, clams, oysters and scallops.) [1] As filter feeders, these shellfish may accumulate toxins produced by microscopic organisms, such as cyanobacteria, diatoms and dinoflagellates.
Shellfish containing 80 or more micrograms of saxitoxin per 100g of edible shellfish tissue are deemed to be unsafe for human consumption. [16] Currently, there is no antidote for PSP neurotoxins. Most PSP patients suffer only minor symptoms, these lasting until the toxin is eliminated from the body.
Most people with paralytic shellfish poisoning develop symptoms within 30 minutes of consuming contaminated seafood and symptoms range from the tingling of the lips, mouth and tongue, “pins and ...
DSP and its symptoms usually set in within about half an hour of ingesting infected shellfish, and last for about one day. The causative poison is okadaic acid, which inhibits intestinal cellular dephosphorylation. [1] This causes the cells to become very water-permeable and the host to profusely defecate into a high risk of dehydration.
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration says consumers should avoid eating shellfish from Oregon and Washington state as they may be contaminated with toxins that cause paralytic shellfish poisoning ...
Rarely, patients may experience respiratory distress requiring ventilatory support. Despite this seemingly severe constellation of symptoms, there have been no documented deaths due to NSP. NSP can present similar to other disorders such as: [4] common food poisoning; seafood allergy; paralytic shellfish poisoning; ciguatera fish poisoning ...
Other potential causes such as paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP), neurotoxic shellfish poisoning (NSP), scombrotoxin fish poisoning, and pufferfish poisoning should be excluded. [1] The reversal of hot and cold sensations is an occasional symptom of CFP that may help differentiate it from norovirus. [20]
Symptoms included nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea for 2–5 days prior to full recovery. Analysis of the shellfish revealed five AZA analogues, AZA1-5, with most of the toxin concentrated in the digestive glands [8] [9] at levels exceeding 30 μg/g (estimated at 6 μg/g whole mussel meat). The AZAs persisted in the mussels at elevated levels for ...