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In the fossil fuel industries, hydrocarbon refers to naturally occurring petroleum, natural gas and coal, or their hydrocarbon derivatives and purified forms. Combustion of hydrocarbons is the main source of the world's energy. Petroleum is the dominant raw-material source for organic commodity chemicals such as solvents and polymers.
strong mineral acid; applications include its use as a dehydrating agent in many chemical reactions, sulfonation, the purification of hydrocarbons, and the production of phosphoric acid tert-Butyl hydroperoxide: used in a variety of oxidation processes; industrially, is used as a starter of radical polymerization: Tetrahydrofuran
In chemistry, a hydrocarbon is an organic compound consisting only of carbon and hydrogen. They all consist of carbon backbone and atoms of hydrogen attached to that backbone, also see aliphatic hydrocarbons.
The reservoir is a porous and permeable lithological unit or set of units that holds the hydrocarbon reserves. Analysis of reservoirs at the simplest level requires an assessment of their porosity (to calculate the volume of in situ hydrocarbons) and their permeability (to calculate how easily hydrocarbons will flow out of them). [2]
1.557 454 318 575 50 × 10 20: 3.373 536 543 484 52 × 10 23: C 55 H 112: n-pentapentacontane: 56 4.191 495 711 934 12 × 10 20: 1.060 278 034 376 26 × 10 24: C 56 H 114: n-hexapentacontane: 57 1.128 939 578 361 33 × 10 21: 3.335 014 088 191 92 × 10 24: C 57 H 116: n-heptapentacontane: 58 3.043 043 571 906 83 × 10 21: 1.049 801 595 284 36 ...
This means that for every 100 carbon atoms there are less than 10 oxygen atoms. Similar reductions in the level of hydrogen are also apparent. This chemical reaction is believed to be a time, temperature and pressure dependent process which creates liquid and/or gaseous hydrocarbon Hc from primary kerogen X and can be summarised using the formula:
Comparison of bond lengths in simple hydrocarbons [4] Molecule Methane: Ethane: Ethylene: Acetylene: Formula CH 4: C 2 H 6: C 2 H 4: C 2 H 2: Class alkane: alkane: alkene: alkyne: Structure Hybridisation of carbon sp 3: sp 3: sp 2: sp C-H bond length 1.087 Å: 1.094 Å: 1.087 Å: 1.060 Å: Proportion of ethane C-H bond length 99% 100% 99% 97% ...
Gasoline is the most widely used liquid fuel. Gasoline, as it is known in United States and Canada, or petrol virtually everywhere else, is made of hydrocarbon molecules (compounds that contain hydrogen and carbon only) forming aliphatic compounds, or chains of carbons with hydrogen atoms attached.