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  2. List of Germanic and Latinate equivalents in English

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Germanic_and...

    The meanings of these words do not always correspond to Germanic cognates, and occasionally the specific meaning in the list is unique to English. Those Germanic words listed below with a Frankish source mostly came into English through Anglo-Norman, and so despite ultimately deriving from Proto-Germanic, came to English through a Romance ...

  3. Proto-Germanic language - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Germanic_language

    Proto-Germanic is generally agreed to have begun about 500 BC. [9] Its hypothetical ancestor between the end of Proto-Indo-European and 500 BC is termed Pre-Proto-Germanic. Whether it is to be included under a wider meaning of Proto-Germanic is a matter of usage.

  4. Proto-Germanic grammar - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Germanic_grammar

    That would explain the later development of V2 word order as well since it forces verbs to precede their subjects if another word is placed first in the sentence, much like the way clitics separate prefixes from their attached words in Gothic. Proto-Germanic may have been a pro-drop language since verb inflection generally distinguished person ...

  5. Indo-European vocabulary - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-European_vocabulary

    For the Germanic languages and for Welsh, the infinitive is given. For Latin, the Baltic languages, and the Slavic languages, the first-person singular present indicative is given, with the infinitive supplied in parentheses. For Greek, Old Irish, Armenian and Albanian (modern), only the first-person singular present indicative is given.

  6. Grimm's law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grimm's_law

    Grimm's law, also known as the First Germanic Sound Shift, is a set of sound laws describing the Proto-Indo-European (PIE) stop consonants as they developed in Proto-Germanic in the first millennium BC, first discovered by Rasmus Rask but systematically put forward by Jacob Grimm. [1]

  7. List of proto-languages - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_proto-languages

    Below is a partial list of proto-languages that have been reconstructed, ... Proto-Celtic. Common Brittonic; Proto-Germanic. Proto-Norse; Proto-Italic. Proto-Romance.

  8. Rune - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rune

    The Finnish word runo, meaning 'poem', is an early borrowing from Proto-Germanic, [12] and the source of the term for rune, riimukirjain, meaning 'scratched letter'. [13] The root may also be found in the Baltic languages, where Lithuanian runoti means both 'to cut (with a knife)' and 'to speak'. [14]

  9. Sowilō (rune) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sowilō_(rune)

    Sowilo (*sōwilō), meaning "sun", is the reconstructed Proto-Germanic language name of the s-rune (ᛊ, ᛋ). The letter is a direct adoption of Old Italic (Etruscan or Latin) s (𐌔), ultimately from Greek sigma (Σ). It is present in the earliest inscriptions of the 2nd to 3rd century (Vimose, Kovel).