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The lung collapses, impairing normal breathing. Surrounding structures may also shift. When severe enough to cause these shifts and hypotension, it is called a tension pneumothorax. This is life-threatening. The increased pressure inside the chest can compress the heart and lead to a collapse of the blood vessels that drain to the heart.
In contrast, tension pneumothorax is a medical emergency and may be treated before imaging – especially if there is severe hypoxia, very low blood pressure, or an impaired level of consciousness. In tension pneumothorax, X-rays are sometimes required if there is doubt about the anatomical location of the pneumothorax. [16] [18]
Tension pneumothorax is the build-up of air into one of the pleural cavities, which causes a mediastinal shift. When this happens, the great vessels (particularly the superior vena cava ) become kinked, which limits blood return to the heart .
Causes: Low volume: Severe bleeding, vomiting, diarrhea, dehydration, or pancreatitis [1] Cardiogenic: severe heart attack (especially of the left or right ventricles), severe heart failure, cardiac contusion [1] Obstructive: Cardiac tamponade, tension pneumothorax [1] Distributive: Sepsis, spinal cord injury, certain overdoses [1] Diagnostic ...
Obstructive shock can occur in the setting of tension pneumothorax and cardiac tamponade. These etiologies should be uncovered in the primary survey. [ 3 ] In the setting of head or neck trauma, an inadequate sympathetic response, or neurogenic shock, is a type of distributive shock that is caused by a decrease in peripheral vascular resistance ...
Image shows early occurrence of tracheal deviation. Tracheal deviation is a clinical sign that results from unequal intrathoracic pressure within the chest cavity.It is most commonly associated with traumatic pneumothorax, but can be caused by a number of both acute and chronic health issues, such as pneumonectomy, atelectasis, pleural effusion, fibrothorax (pleural fibrosis), or some cancers ...
Left tension pneumothorax with a large, well-demarcated area devoid of lung markings with tracheal deviation and movement of the heart away from the affected side. Mediastinal shift is an abnormal movement of the mediastinal structures toward one side of the chest cavity .
cardiac causes, pulmonary causes and; non-pulmonary and non-cardiac causes. Considered physiologically, pulsus paradoxus is caused by: [citation needed] decreased right heart functional reserve, e.g. myocardial infarction and tamponade, right ventricular inflow or outflow obstruction, e.g. superior vena cava obstruction and pulmonary embolism, and