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The TCP congestion-avoidance algorithm is the primary basis for congestion control in the Internet. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] Per the end-to-end principle , congestion control is largely a function of internet hosts , not the network itself.
DECbit is a TCP congestion control technique implemented in routers to avoid congestion.Its utility is to predict possible congestion and prevent it. When a router wants to signal congestion to the sender, it adds a bit in the header of packets sent.
FAST TCP (also written FastTCP) is a TCP congestion avoidance algorithm especially targeted at long-distance, high latency links, developed at the Netlab, California Institute of Technology and now being commercialized by FastSoft. FastSoft was acquired by Akamai Technologies in 2012. [1]
TCP Vegas is a TCP congestion avoidance algorithm that emphasizes packet delay, rather than packet loss, as a signal to help determine the rate at which to send packets. It was developed at the University of Arizona by Lawrence Brakmo and Larry L. Peterson and introduced in 1994.
Coupled with timers, TCP senders and receivers can alter the behavior of the flow of data. This is more generally referred to as congestion control or congestion avoidance. Modern implementations of TCP contain four intertwined algorithms: slow start, congestion avoidance, fast retransmit, and fast recovery. [55]
When congestion is detected, the transmitter decreases the transmission rate by a multiplicative factor; for example, cut the congestion window in half after loss. The result is a saw-tooth behavior that represents the process of bandwidth probing.
Networks use congestion control and congestion avoidance techniques to try to avoid collapse. These include: exponential backoff in protocols such as CSMA/CA in 802.11 and the similar CSMA/CD in the original Ethernet , window reduction in TCP , and fair queueing in devices such as routers and network switches .
CUBIC is a network congestion avoidance algorithm for TCP which can achieve high bandwidth connections over networks more quickly and reliably in the face of high latency than earlier algorithms. It helps optimize long fat networks .