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In labor economics, an efficiency wage is a wage paid in excess of the market-clearing wage to increase the labor productivity of workers. [1] Specifically, it points to the incentive for managers to pay their employees more than the market-clearing wage to increase their productivity or to reduce the costs associated with employee turnover.
Workforce productivity is the amount of goods and services that a group of workers produce in a given amount of time. It is one of several types of productivity that economists measure. Workforce productivity, often referred to as labor productivity, is a measure for an organisation or company, a process, an industry, or a country.
The average product of labor (APL) is the total product of labor divided by the number of units of labor employed, or Q/L. [2] The average product of labor is a common measure of labor productivity. [4] [5] The AP L curve is shaped like an inverted “u”. At low production levels the AP L tends to increase as
In economics, the Baumol effect, also known as Baumol's cost disease, first described by William J. Baumol and William G. Bowen in the 1960s, is the tendency for wages in jobs that have experienced little or no increase in labor productivity to rise in response to rising wages in other jobs that did experience high productivity growth.
According to the law, faster growth in output increases productivity due to increasing returns. Verdoorn argued [4] that "in the long run a change in the volume of production, say about 10 per cent, tends to be associated with an average increase in labor productivity of 4.5 per cent." The Verdoorn coefficient close to 0.5 (0.484) is also found ...
Average physical product (APP), marginal physical product (MPP) In economics and in particular neoclassical economics, the marginal product or marginal physical productivity of an input (factor of production) is the change in output resulting from employing one more unit of a particular input (for instance, the change in output when a firm's labor is increased from five to six units), assuming ...
Microeconomic reform is the implementation of policies that aim to reduce economic distortions via deregulation, and move toward economic efficiency. However, there is no clear theoretical basis for the belief that removing a market distortion will always increase economic efficiency.
The Solow growth model is a model of economic development into which the Solow residual can be added exogenously to allow predictions of GDP growth at differing levels of productivity growth. The Balassa–Samuelson effect describes the effect of variable Solow residuals: it assumes that mass-produced traded goods have a higher residual than ...