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Androstenedione, or 4-androstenedione (abbreviated as A4 or Δ 4-dione), also known as androst-4-ene-3,17-dione, is an endogenous weak androgen steroid hormone and intermediate in the biosynthesis of estrone and of testosterone from dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA).
Hyperandrogenism is a medical condition characterized by high levels of androgens.It is more common in women than men. [4] Symptoms of hyperandrogenism may include acne, seborrhea, hair loss on the scalp, increased body or facial hair, and infrequent or absent menstruation.
Androstenedione is not bound to SHBG either, and is instead bound solely to albumin. [10] Estrone sulfate and estriol are also poorly bound by SHBG. [11] Less than 1% of progesterone is bound to SHBG. [12] SHBG levels are usually about twice as high in women as in men. [9] In women, SHBG serves to limit exposure to both androgens and estrogens. [9]
Use of androstenedione as an athletic or bodybuilding supplement has been banned by the International Olympic Committee, as well as other sporting organizations. Androstenediol (A5) is a steroid metabolite of DHEA and the precursor to sex hormones testosterone and estradiol .
In general, androgens are considered "male sex hormones", since they have masculinizing effects, while estrogens and progestogens are considered "female sex hormones" although all types are present in each sex at different levels. [6] Sex hormones include: Progestogens. Pregnenolone → Progesterone → Allopregnanedione → Allopregnanolone
Production rates, secretion rates, clearance rates, and blood levels of major sex hormones; Sex Sex hormone Reproductive phase Blood production rate Gonadal secretion rate Metabolic clearance rate Reference range (serum levels) SI units Non-SI units Men Androstenedione –