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By postulating that the ratio of electron kinetic energy to orbital frequency should be equal to h, Richard Gans computed a value that was twice as large as the Bohr magneton in September 1911. [7] At the First Solvay Conference in November that year, Paul Langevin obtained a value of e ℏ / ( 2 m e ) {\displaystyle e\hbar /(2m_{\mathrm {e ...
In atomic physics, the electron magnetic moment, or more specifically the electron magnetic dipole moment, is the magnetic moment of an electron resulting from its intrinsic properties of spin and electric charge. The value of the electron magnetic moment (symbol μ e) is −9.284 764 6917 (29) × 10 −24 J⋅T −1. [1]
The magnetic moment of the electron is =, where μ B is the Bohr magneton, S is electron spin, and the g-factor g S is 2 according to Dirac's theory, but due to quantum electrodynamic effects it is slightly larger in reality: 2.002 319 304 36.
μ 0 is the permeability of space, which equals 4π×10 −7 T·m/A; B is the flux density, in T; The derivation of this equation is analogous to the force between two nearby electrically charged surfaces, [5] which assumes that the field in between the plates is uniform.
The magnetic force (qv × B) component of the Lorentz force is responsible for motional electromotive force (or motional EMF), the phenomenon underlying many electrical generators. When a conductor is moved through a magnetic field, the magnetic field exerts opposite forces on electrons and nuclei in the wire, and this creates the EMF.
The invariant mass of an electron is approximately 9.109 × 10 −31 kg, [80] or 5.489 × 10 −4 Da. Due to mass–energy equivalence, this corresponds to a rest energy of 0.511 MeV (8.19 × 10 −14 J). The ratio between the mass of a proton and that of an electron is about 1836.
When charged particles move in electric and magnetic fields the following two laws apply: Lorentz force law: = (+),; Newton's second law of motion: = =; where F is the force applied to the ion, m is the mass of the particle, a is the acceleration, Q is the electric charge, E is the electric field, and v × B is the cross product of the ion's velocity and the magnetic flux density.
Consider two small spheres of mass and same-sign charge , hanging from two ropes of negligible mass of length . The forces acting on each sphere are three: the weight m g {\displaystyle mg} , the rope tension T {\displaystyle \mathbf {T} } and the electric force F {\displaystyle \mathbf {F} } .