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Narrow vessels create more vascular resistance, while dilated vessels decrease vascular resistance. Vasodilation acts to increase cardiac output by decreasing afterload, −one of the four determinants of cardiac output. [4] By expanding available area for blood to circulate, vasodilation decreases blood pressure. [5]
When the blood vessels suddenly relax, it results in vasodilation. In vasodilatory shock, the blood vessels are too relaxed leading to extreme vasodilation and blood pressure drops and blood flow becomes very low. Without enough blood pressure, blood and oxygen will not be pushed to reach the body's organs.
Substances called vasoconstrictors can reduce the size of blood vessels, thereby increasing blood pressure. Vasodilators (such as nitroglycerin) increase the size of blood vessels, thereby decreasing arterial pressure. If the blood viscosity increases (gets thicker), the result is an increase in arterial pressure.
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This vasodilation does not decrease the volume of blood the heart pumps, but rather it decreases the force the heart muscle must exert to pump the same volume of blood. Nitroglycerin pills, taken sublingually (under the tongue), are used to prevent or treat acute chest pain.
Pressure stockings are sometimes used to externally reduce compliance, and thus keep blood from pooling in the legs. Vasodilation and vasoconstriction are complex phenomena; they are functions not merely of the fluid mechanics of pressure and tissue elasticity but also of active homeostatic regulation with hormones and cell signaling, in which ...
He added that these fatty acids play a role in regulating blood pressure, vasodilation, clotting and triglyceride levels in the blood, all processes that are related to inflammatory response, he said.
Medications like diuretics and antidepressants can increase the blood pressure-lowering effects of minoxidil. However, interactions are more likely with oral minoxidil than topical minoxidil.