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He adapted the technique for the use with plants as he worked in the Plant Breeding Institute of Cambridge, between 1985 and 1987. [1] Since then thousands of labs have used the system, making it one of the most widely used tools in plant molecular biology, as underlined by thousands of citations in scientific literature. [7]
A ribosome is made up of two subunits, a small subunit, and a large subunit. These subunits come together before the translation of mRNA into a protein to provide a location for translation to be carried out and a polypeptide to be produced. [3] The choice of amino acid type to add is determined by a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule. Each amino ...
This list of protein subcellular localisation prediction tools includes software, databases, and web services that are used for protein subcellular localization prediction. Some tools are included that are commonly used to infer location through predicted structural properties, such as signal peptide or transmembrane helices , and these tools ...
Graphical analysis tool to find all open reading frames: Prokaryotes, Eukaryotes [40] Regulatory Sequence Analysis Tools: Series of modular computer programs to detect regulatory signals in non-coding sequences: Fungi, Prokaryotes, Metazoa, Protist, Plants [41] [42] PHANOTATE: A tool to annotate phage genomes. Phages [43] SplicePredictor
While the +4 and the −3 positions in the Kozak sequence have the greatest relative importance in the establishing a favorable initiation context a CC or AA motif at −2 and −1 were found to be important in the initiation of translation in tobacco and maize plants. [11] Protein synthesis in yeast was found to be highly affected by ...
Translation in plants is tightly regulated as in animals, however, it is not as well understood as transcriptional regulation. There are several levels of regulation including translation initiation, mRNA turnover and ribosome loading. Recent studies have shown that translation is also under the control of the circadian clock.
Smith-Waterman on protein back-translation graph (detects frameshifts at protein level) Protein: Local: M. Gîrdea et al. [24] 2009 PatternHunter: Seeded pattern-matching: Nucleotide: Local: B. Ma et al. [25] [26] 2002–2004 ProbA (also propA) Stochastic partition function sampling via dynamic programming: Both: Global: U. Mückstein: 2002 PyMOL
Translation is one of the key energy consumers in cells, hence it is strictly regulated. Numerous mechanisms have evolved that control and regulate translation in eukaryotes as well as prokaryotes. Regulation of translation can impact the global rate of protein synthesis which is closely coupled to the metabolic and proliferative state of a cell.