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The provisions of this article shall not apply to employment in the public service. [1] The right to free movement has both 'horizontal' and 'vertical' direct effect, [2] [3] such that a citizen of any EU state can invoke the right, without more, in an ordinary court, against other persons, both governmental and non-governmental.
While free movement of workers was central to the first European Economic Community agreement, the development of European labour law has been a gradual process. Originally, the Ohlin Report of 1956 recommended that labour standards did not need to be harmonised, although a general principle of anti-discrimination between men and women was included in the early Treaties.
DG EMPL commissioned a report published in 2010 entitled "Buying Social", which provided guidance on how to take "social considerations" into account within the EU and its Member States' public procurement processes. [3]
Directive 2014/65/EU on markets in financial instruments known as MIFID 2: It applies to investment firms, market operators, data reporting services and third-country firms (with a branch in the EU) and establishes requirements related to authorisations, operating conditions, rules on transparency, specific rules for regulated markets, etc. [53 ...
The European Union describes its values as being 'Human Dignity, Freedom, Democracy, Equality, Rule of Law, and Human Rights'. [48] Democracy is a cornerstone of the project that is the European Union, and has been since its inception. It thus also represents a criterion for accession to the EU.
The Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (CFR) enshrines certain political, social, and economic rights for European Union (EU) citizens and residents into EU law. It was drafted by the European Convention and solemnly proclaimed on 7 December 2000 by the European Parliament , the Council of Ministers and the European Commission .
The Employment, Social Policy, Health and Consumer Affairs Council (EPSCO) [1] is a configuration of the Council of the European Union. [2] It meets four times a year, with two of the meetings focusing on social policy and employment .
At the same time, Germany has made sure that European Union laws on anti-discrimination measures and equal opportunities only apply to advertised jobs and to the wording of the job advert. [7] Universities can therefore effectively avoid to implement any anti-discrimination measures by not advertising jobs.