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Winkte (also spelled wíŋkte) is the contraction of an old Lakota word, winyanktehca, meaning 'wants to be like a woman'. [1] Historically, the winkte have in some cases been considered a social category of male-bodied individuals who adopt the clothing, work, and mannerisms that Lakota culture usually considers feminine. [1]
Before contact with European Christian missionaries, the Lakota used Wakȟáŋ Tȟáŋka to refer to an organization or group of sacred entities whose ways were mysterious: thus, "The Great Mystery". [6] Activist Russell Means also promoted the translation "Great Mystery" and the view that Lakota spirituality is not monotheistic. [3]
Sioux is a Siouan language spoken by over 30,000 Sioux in the United States and Canada, making it the fifth most spoken Indigenous language in the United States or Canada, behind Navajo, Cree, Inuit languages, and Ojibwe.
The Sicangu are one of the seven oyates, nations or council fires, of Lakota people, [2] an Indigenous people of the Northern Plains.Today, many Sicangu people are enrolled citizens of the Rosebud Sioux Tribe of the Rosebud Indian Reservation and Lower Brule Sioux Tribe of the Lower Brule Reservation in South Dakota.
American Indian Languages: The Historical Linguistics of Native America. Oxford: Oxford University Press; Flexner, Stuart Berg and Leonore Crary Hauck, eds. (1987). The Random House Dictionary of the English Language [RHD], 2nd ed. (unabridged). New York: Random House. Siebert, Frank T. (1975).
The Lakota medicine man Black Elk described himself as a heyoka, saying he had been visited as a child by the thunder beings. [5] A survivor of the Wounded Knee Massacre , Black Elk toured with Buffalo Bill's Wild West in Europe and discussed his religious views, visions, and events in a series of interviews with poet John Neihardt , collected ...
Later Lakota orthography replaced the letter with ŋ , [3] a more common letter that represents a velar nasal sound in many languages. In the IPA, the letter ƞ was used from 1951 to 1976 to transcribe a moraic nasal homorganic with a following consonant, but was removed because it did not indicate a specific phonetic pronunciation and the IPA ...
As of 2009, about 15–20 elders were second-language speakers of Osage. The Osage Language Program, created in 2003, provides audio and video learning materials on its website. [3] The 2nd Annual Dhegiha Gathering in 2012 brought Osage, Kaw, Quapaw, Ponca and Omaha speakers together to share best practices in language revitalization. [4]