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Design by contract (DbC), also known as contract programming, programming by contract and design-by-contract programming, is an approach for designing software. It prescribes that software designers should define formal , precise and verifiable interface specifications for software components , which extend the ordinary definition of abstract ...
The design of the language is closely connected with the Eiffel programming method. Both are based on a set of principles, including design by contract, command–query separation, the uniform-access principle, the single-choice principle, the open–closed principle, and option–operand separation.
The concept of Design by Contract, highly influential as a design and programming methodology concept and a language mechanism present in such languages as the Java Modeling Language, Spec#, the UML's Object Constraint Language and Microsoft's Code Contracts. The design of the Eiffel language, applicable to programming as well as design and ...
Ada is designed for developing very large software systems. Ada packages can be compiled separately. Ada package specifications (the package interface) can also be compiled separately without the implementation to check for consistency. This makes it possible to detect problems early during the design phase, before implementation starts.
An interface can therefore be viewed as a "contractual agreement" – between a provider and a consumer of the interface. If this contract is documented more formally as a software specification, this is an example of design by contract. However, design by contract per se does not mandate the use of interfaces for all components.
Assertions in design by contract [ edit ] Assertions can function as a form of documentation: they can describe the state the code expects to find before it runs (its preconditions ), and the state the code expects to result in when it is finished running ( postconditions ); they can also specify invariants of a class .
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