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The reactivity of a functional group can be modified by other functional groups nearby. Functional group interconversion can be used in retrosynthetic analysis to plan organic synthesis. A functional group is a group of atoms in a molecule with distinctive chemical properties, regardless of the other atoms in the molecule. The atoms in a ...
In organic chemistry, functionality is often used as a synonym for functional group. For example, a hydroxyl group can also be called a HO-function. [1] [2] Functionalisation means the introduction of functional groups, for example the functionalisation of a surface [3] (e.g. silanization for the specific modification of the adhesion of a surface)
A simple aryl group is phenyl (C 6 H 5 −), a group derived from benzene. Examples of other aryl groups consist of: The tolyl group (CH 3 C 6 H 4 −) which is derived from toluene (methylbenzene) The xylyl group ((CH 3) 2 C 6 H 3 −), which is derived from xylene (dimethylbenzene) The naphthyl group (C 10 H 7 −), which is derived from ...
In organic chemistry, a vinyl group (abbr. Vi; [1] IUPAC name: ethenyl group [2]) is a functional group with the formula −CH=CH 2. It is the ethylene (IUPAC name: ethene) molecule (H 2 C=CH 2) with one fewer hydrogen atom. The name is also used for any compound containing that group, namely R−CH=CH 2 where R is any other group of atoms.
Aldehyde structure. In organic chemistry, an aldehyde (/ ˈ æ l d ɪ h aɪ d /) is an organic compound containing a functional group with the structure R−CH=O. [1] The functional group itself (without the "R" side chain) can be referred to as an aldehyde but can also be classified as a formyl group. Aldehydes are a common motif in many ...
Theories of chemical structure were first developed by August Kekulé, Archibald Scott Couper, and Aleksandr Butlerov, among others, from about 1858. [4] These theories were first to state that chemical compounds are not a random cluster of atoms and functional groups, but rather had a definite order defined by the valency of the atoms composing the molecule, giving the molecules a three ...
Fig. 1: A sketch of a small network displaying community structure, with three groups of nodes with dense internal connections and sparser connections between groups.. In the study of networks, such as computer and information networks, social networks and biological networks, a number of different characteristics have been found to occur commonly, including the small-world property, heavy ...
In the context of electron transfer, these groups enhance the oxidizing power tendency of the attached species. For example, Tetracyanoethylene serves as an oxidant due to its attachment to four cyano substituents, which are electron-withdrawing groups. [5] Oxidants with EWGs are stronger than the parent compound.