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Photonic topological phases are classical electromagnetic wave analogues of electronic topological phases studied in condensed matter physics. Similar to their electronic counterparts, they, can provide robust unidirectional channels for light propagation. [2] The field that studies these phases of light is referred to as topological photonics.
Another promising method for developing two-dimensional photonic crystals is the so-called photonic crystal slab. These structures consist of a slab of material—such as silicon—that can be patterned using techniques from the semiconductor industry. Such chips offer the potential to combine photonic processing with electronic processing on a ...
If a minimal surface meets a plane at right angles, then the mirror image in the plane can also be joined to the surface. Hence given a suitable initial polygon inscribed in a unit cell periodic surfaces can be constructed. [4] The Schwarz surfaces have topological genus 3, the minimal genus of triply periodic minimal surfaces. [5]
A topological insulator is a material that behaves as an insulator in its interior (bulk) but whose surface contains conducting states. This property represents a non-trivial, symmetry protected topological order. As a consequence, electrons in topological insulators can only move along the surface of the material.
The q-plate with topological charge q can generate a charge vortex based on the input beam polarization. [8] [9] An s-plate is a similar technology to a q-plate, using a high-intensity UV laser to permanently etch a birefringent pattern into silica glass with an azimuthal variation in the fast axis with topological charge of s. Unlike a q-plate ...
The massless fermions lead to various quantum Hall effects, magnetoelectric effects in topological materials, and ultra high carrier mobility. [10] [11] Dirac cones were observed in 2008-2009, using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) on the potassium-graphite intercalation compound KC 8 [12] and on several bismuth-based alloys ...
In condensed matter physics, the Su–Schrieffer–Heeger (SSH) model or SSH chain is a one-dimensional lattice model that presents topological features. [1] It was devised by Wu-Pei Su, John Robert Schrieffer, and Alan J. Heeger in 1979, to describe the increase of electrical conductivity of polyacetylene polymer chain when doped, based on the existence of solitonic defects.
The subwavelength periodicity [2] distinguishes photonic metamaterials from photonic band gap or photonic crystal structures. The cells are on a scale that is magnitudes larger than the atom, yet much smaller than the radiated wavelength, [3] [4] are on the order of nanometers. [3] [4] [5]