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The joule (/ dʒ uː l / JOOL, or / dʒ aʊ l / JOWL; symbol: J) is the unit of energy in the International System of Units (SI). [1] In terms of SI base units, one joule corresponds to one kilogram-square metre per square second (1 J = 1 kg⋅m 2 ⋅s −2).
Energy released by the combustion of 1 gram of gasoline [106] 5×10 4 J: Kinetic energy of 1 gram of matter moving at 10 km/s [107] 10 5 3×10 5 – 15×10 5 J: Kinetic energy of an automobile at highway speeds (1 to 5 tons [108] at 89 km/h or 55 mph) [109] 5×10 5 J Kinetic energy of 1 gram of a meteor hitting Earth [110]
The calorie is defined as the amount of thermal energy necessary to raise the temperature of one gram of water by 1 Celsius degree, from a temperature of 14.5 °C, at a pressure of 1 atm. For thermochemistry a calorie of 4.184 J is used, but other calories have also been defined, such as the International Steam Table calorie of 4.1868 J .
It is also an SI derived unit of molar thermodynamic energy defined as the energy equal to one joule in one mole of substance. [1] [2] For example, the Gibbs free energy of a compound in the area of thermochemistry is often quantified in units of kilojoules per mole (symbol: kJ·mol −1 or kJ/mol), with 1 kilojoule = 1000 joules. [3]
An antimatter weapon is a theoretically possible device using antimatter as a power source, a propellant, or an explosive for a weapon.Antimatter weapons are currently too costly and unreliable to be viable in warfare, as producing antimatter is enormously expensive (estimated at US$6 billion for every 100 nanograms), the quantities of antimatter generated are very small, and current ...
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According to the FAO, the average minimum daily energy requirement is approximately 8,400 kilojoules (2,000 kcal) per adult and 4,200 kilojoules (1,000 kcal) a child. [3] This data is presented in kilojoules, as most countries today use the SI unit kilojoules as their primary measurement for food energy intake, [ 4 ] with the exception of the ...
A moderate energy density would be 1.6 to 3 calories per gram (7–13 kJ/g); salmon, lean meat, and bread would fall in this category. Foods with high energy density have more than three calories per gram (>13 kJ/g) and include crackers, cheese, chocolate, nuts, [10] and fried foods like potato or tortilla chips.