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The word Kalûnga is a Kikongo word that means "threshold between worlds." [2] It is derived from the proto-Bantu term *-lung-, meaning "to put in order, to put straight."[3] In the Congo region, Kalûnga is considered to be the nzadi o nzere, or Congo River. [4]
There is confusion about the meaning of the word Kalunga or Calunga, which, despite the same sound, have totally different meanings: Kalunga – connected to religious beliefs, world of the ancestors, cult of the forefathers, from them came the force; Calunga – small or insignificant thing; a way to call Negros, a famous or important person.
Among other Central African Bantu peoples, such as the Chokwe, and in the Kingdom of Ndongo, Nzambi Mpungu was also called Kalunga, the god of fire and change. This may have a connection to an element of Bakongo cosmology called Kalûnga. It was seen as the spark of fire that begot all life in the universe. [1]
The Kongo cosmogram (also called yowa or dikenga cross, Kikongo: dikenga dia Kongo or tendwa kia nza-n' Kongo) is a core symbol in Bakongo religion that depicts the physical world (Ku Nseke), the spiritual world (Ku Mpémba), the Kalûnga line that runs between the two worlds, the sacred river that forms a circle through the two worlds, the four moments of the sun, and the four elements.
Oral tradition states that in the beginning, time, place and space did not exist. There was only a circular void, called mbûngi.One day, the "Sovereign Master" Nzambi Mpungu summoned a spark of fire, called kalûnga, which gained energy and burned until its flames filled mbungi.
"I mean, it wasn't romantic," Jason began, adding, "I thought the Christmas gift this year was very good." "Outstanding," Kylie agreed before prompting Jason to describe the present.
Eliminating or scaling back DEI will jeopardize programs that have helped many underserved groups receive a fair shot at opportunities and feel more embraced in the workplace, advocates of DEI say.
This depiction of the Kongo Cosmogram is based on a description by Dr. Fu-Kiau. It depicts the physical world known as Nseke, the spiritual (ancestral) world known as Mpémba, the Kalûnga river that runs between the two worlds, the four moments of the sun, and the mfinda (forest) that spiritually connects both worlds.